健脾调肝法治疗2型糖尿病胃肠功能紊乱患者的临床价值

目的探讨常规西药联合健脾调肝法治疗2型糖尿病胃肠功能紊乱患者的临床价值。方法选取2019年3月至2021年1月盘锦市人民医院收治的102例2型糖尿病胃肠功能紊乱患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各51例。对照组患者单纯接受常规西药治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上接受健脾调肝法(应用以葛根、党参、茯苓、炒白术、当归、鸡内金等中药组成的健脾理气疏肝方)治疗,比较两组治疗有效率、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2h PBG)以及糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、胃排空率、肠鸣音。结果观察组治疗有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者FBG、2h PBG、Hb A1c水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组胃排空率、肠鸣音高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健脾调肝法治疗2型糖尿病胃肠功能紊乱疗效显著,应用价值较高。     

Evaluating drug cost per responder and number needed to treat associated with lixisenatide on top of glargine when compared to rapid-acting insulin intensification regimens on top of glargine,in patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK,Italy, and Spain

Objectives: This study investigated the cost per responder and number needed to treat (NNT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients for lixisenatide compared to insulin intensification regimens using composite endpoints in the UK, Italy, and Spain.

Methods: Efficacy and safety outcomes were obtained from GetGoal Duo-2, a 26-week phase 3 trial comparing lixisenatide vs insulin glulisine (IG) once daily (QD) and three times daily (TID). Response at week 26 was extrapolated to 52 weeks, assuming a maintained treatment effect, based on long-term evidence in other T2DM populations. Responders were defined using composite end-points, based on an HbA1c threshold and/or no weight gain and/or no hypoglycemia. The HbA1c threshold was varied in sensitivity analyses. Annual treatment costs were estimated in euros (1 GBP?=?1.26 EUR), including drug acquisition and resource use costs. Cost per responder was computed by dividing annual treatment costs per patient by the proportion of responders.

Results: Lixisenatide was associated with the lowest cost per responder for all composite end-points that included a weight-related component. For the main composite end-point of HbA1c ≤7.5% AND no weight gain AND no symptomatic hypoglycemia, cost per responder results were: UK: 6,867€, 8,746€, and 12,410€; Italy: 7,057€, 9,160€, and 12,844€; Spain: 8,370€, 11,365€, and 17,038€, for lixisenatide, IG QD, and TID, respectively. The NNT analysis showed that, for every 6.85 and 5.86 patients treated with lixisenatide, there was approximately one additional responder compared to IG QD and TID, respectively.

Limitations: A limitation of the clinical inputs is the lack of 52-week trial data from GetGoal Duo-2, which led to the assumption of a maintained treatment effect from week 26 to 52.

Conclusions: This analysis suggests lixisenatide is an efficient economic resource allocation in the UK, Italy, and Spain.     

基于MIDP2.0的坦克大战手机游戏的设计

随着无线网络技术的不断发展,手机及其他无线设备的普及将成为一种趋势。由于的手机的携带方便,手机游戏又具有娱乐的功能,和J2ME技术的跨平台特性,使得越来越多的国内外厂商开始开发基于J2ME平台的无线应用服务。文章着眼于J2ME技术在手机游戏开发上的应用,在结合实际的开发经验与一些MIDP2.0新技术的基础上,讲述一款自主研发的基于MIDP2.0的坦克大战手机游戏设计。     

Do global CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel consumption exhibit long memory? a fractional-integration analysis

In this article we use an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average approach to measure the degree of fractional integration of aggregate world CO₂ emissions and its five components – coal, oil, gas, cement, and gas flaring. We find that all variables are stationary and mean reverting, but exhibit long-term memory. Our results suggest that both coal and oil combustion emissions have the weakest degree of long-range dependence, while emissions from gas and gas flaring have the strongest. With evidence of long memory, we conclude that transitory policy shocks are likely to have long-lasting effects, but not permanent effects. Accordingly, permanent effects on CO₂ emissions require a more permanent policy stance. In this context, if one were to rely only on testing for stationarity and non-stationarity, one would likely conclude in favour of non-stationarity, and therefore that even transitory policy shocks have permanent effects. Our fractional-integration analysis highlights that this is not the case.     

Endogenous lifetime and economic growth

Endogenous mortality is introduced in a two-period overlapping generations model: probability of surviving from the first period to the next depends upon health capital that is augmented through public investment. High mortality societies do not grow fast since shorter lifespans discourage savings; development traps are possible. Productivity differences across nations result in persistent differences in capital-output ratios and relatively larger gaps in income and mortality. High mortality also reduces returns on education, where risks are undiversifiable. When human capital drives economic growth, countries differing in health capital do not converge to similar living standards, ‘threshold effects’ may also result.     

The True Meaning of ‘Social Justice’: A Catholic View of Hayek

Hayek's well‐known dismissal of the concept of ‘social justice’ is examined and questioned. While basically agreeing with Hayek's critique, the author argues that we should not entirely reject this concept, although it is often used in a vague and emotional way – ‘social justice talk’. Drawing on the tradition of classical liberalism and Catholic social teaching, he makes the case for the true meaning of social justice, which applies to the basic legal and institutional framework of a society rather than the distributional outcomes of market processes.     

Marketing expense and financial performance in arts and cultural organizations

Nonprofit arts and cultural organizations use marketing to sustain viability. This study uses data from the Cultural Data Project to examine the effects of marketing on revenue in arts and cultural organizations. The current analysis demonstrates that total marketing expense is positively related to total revenue. Marketing expense used for fund‐raising positively influences donation income, as intended, whereas commercial income is not affected. Alternatively, marketing expense for programs positively influences both commercial income, as intended, and donation income. The novel finding from this study is that marketing expense mainly targeting non‐donor ticket buyers not only increases commercial income but also augments donation income in arts and cultural organizations.     

基于精益思想的房地产营销

房地产精益营销,应把顾客需求作为房地产企业产品开发的源泉,房地产产品的功能及价格设定、各分销渠道与环节的建设以及完善物业的售后管理系统等方面,应以便利顾客为原则,最大限度地使顾客感到满意。     

基于绿色营销的消费者品牌偏好变化影响因素的实证研究——以食品、家用电器为例

从绿色营销与消费者心理与行为交叉研究层面选取了消费者品牌偏好变化的视角,侧重对消费者在绿色营销的影响下出现的＂绿色＂品牌偏好变化现象进行实证研究。通过问卷调查表对影响消费者偏好的内部特征因素和外部环境因素进行了统计描述性分析,并选取绿色营销较为成熟的食品和家电行业为研究对象,对消费者绿色品牌偏好变化特征进行数据收集及实证分析,从而为企业在绿色营销活动中依据消费者品牌偏好变化趋势有效细分市场、选择目标市场、确定产品定位以及制定营销组合策略等提供依据。