The determinants of bank interest rate margins: an international study

This paper studies the determinants of bank net interest margins (NIMs) in six selected European countries and the US during the period 1988–1995 for a sample of 614 banks. We apply the Ho and Saunders model (Ho, T., Saunders, A., 1981. The determinants of bank interest margins: theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analyses 16, 581–600) to a multicountry setting and decompose bank margins into a regulatory component, a market structure component and a risk premium component. The regulatory components in the form of interest-rate restrictions on deposits, reserve requirements and capital-to-asset ratios have a significant impact on banks NIMs. The empirical results suggest an important policy trade-off between assuring bank solvency—high capital-to-asset ratios—and lowering the cost of financial services to consumers—low NIMs. The more segmented or restricted the banking system—both geographically and by activity—the larger appears to be the monopoly power of existing banks, and the higher their spreads. Macro interest-rate volatility was found to have a significant impact on bank NIMs; this suggests that macro policies consistent with reduced interest-rate volatility could have a positive effect in reducing bank margins.     

Categories and causes of bank distress during the great depression, 1929–1933: The illiquidity versus insolvency debate revisited

During the contraction from 1929 to 1933, the Federal Reserve System tracked changes in the status of all banks operating in the United States and determined the cause of each bank suspension. This essay analyzes chronological patterns in aggregate series constructed from that data. The analysis demonstrates both illiquidity and insolvency were substantial sources of bank distress. Periods of heightened distress were correlated with periods of increased illiquidity. Contagion via correspondent networks and bank runs propagated the initial banking panics. As the depression deepened and asset values declined, insolvency loomed as the principal threat to depository institutions.     

日本银企信用关系的约束机制分析

战后,基于日本企业融资结构的特点,日本银企之间形成了一种长期的交易关系,其得以维系依赖于日本主银行制度与企业内在机制约束作用的双重迭加。分析表明,充分发挥作为企业主要金融援助者的银行对于企业的指导与监督作用是实现银企信用关系约束机制有效性的关键。     

我国商业银行金融衍生品业务现状分析及启示

目前,我国相当多的商业银行均不同程度地开办了各种金融衍生品交易。基于我国加入世贸和金融市场进一步开放,外资银行在金融衍生产品方面的优势不断凸现,面对外资银行的激烈竞争,我国商业银行金融衍生品业务正处于一个超常发展的阶段。在此背景下,本文分析了我国商业银行开展金融衍生品业务现状及存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策与建议。     

Implications of Basel II for Different Bank Ownership Patterns in Europe

This paper explains that Basel II has different implications for stakeholder-owned (mutual) and stockholder banks in the European Union. Some strategic paths for stakeholder-owned banks are proposed as a response to the Stockholder Value Maximization goals Basel II implicitly advances. Even though empirical evidence indicates that capital strength and risk-taking exposures do not differ across bank ownership structures, SME lending and other characteristic specializations of stakeholder banks promise to generate high capital charges. However, improved corporate-governance practices and cooperative securitization and risk-management activities can reduce the compliance costs and risk-taking constraints mutual banks might experience from shifting to a Stakeholder Value Maximization Model. For all EU banks irrespective of their ownership structure, the analysis stresses that establishing an incentive-compatible cross-country safety-net scheme poses a critical challenge.

保理在新疆发展的制约因素分析及对策建议

保理是一项新兴综合性金融服务,不仅有利于拓展银行盈利空间,而且对中小企业融资具有独特优势,已成为全球贸易结算的主流。近年来保理在中国得到快速发展,但新疆保理业起步晚,发展缓慢,难以对经济发挥积极作用。本文通过对保理在新疆发展的现状和制约因素分析,从银行、政府、企业三个角度提出了保理在新疆发展的对策建议。     

国地税合并与企业债务融资——基于税收征管独立性视角

文章将2018年国地税合并改革视为一项准自然实验,采用双重差分方法从税收征管独立性视角考察了其对企业债务融资行为的影响。研究发现,国地税合并会导致企业总体债务规模显著上升。区分债务类型来看,国地税合并未促使企业增加具有利息税盾效应的银行贷款,而是促使企业增加了不具有利息税盾效应的商业信用,这一结果否定了债务税盾效应假说,而支持了流动性约束效应假说。异质性分析表明,在非国有企业、融资约束严重的企业以及成本转嫁能力较弱的企业中,国地税合并对企业债务规模的促进作用更为凸显,再次验证了流动性约束效应假说。此外,文章还发现在国地税合并之后,企业的经营绩效和股利分配显著下降以及财务风险显著上升。文章结论表明,在国地税合并改革过程中,政府部门需要注意税收征管加强给企业带来的流动性约束,这对于现阶段的税收征管体制改革具有一定的实践参考意义。     

商业银行内部控制服务于授信后风险管理的路径与方法

本文通过对当前商业银行授信后风险管理的现状的认识,和解析授信后风险管理与内部控制之间的关系,期望内部控制能够运用有效的路径和方法来提高授信后管理水平。本文提出内控通过协助和服务于客户经理、管理层、风险经理和授信后审查委员会这三条路径,以营造内控氛围、实施内控评价、加强内控制度建设、提升内控信息系统、纠正内控缺陷等方法,产生决策有用的管理成果,从而实现授信后风险得以控制和预防的目的。     

关于我国商业银行公司类信贷业务风险监控机制浅析

本文从公司类信贷业务风险监控的核心指标、风险信息等方面,初步探讨了风险监控机制,论文认为:应将客户固定资产产生的经营现金流量作为风险监控的核心指标;将客户的风险信息分为宏观层面、竞争层面、集团层面和客户层面的信息;在对风险信息监测的基础上,应及时识别、评估客户风险,开展风险分类认定并设定跟踪的频率,并持续进行跟踪监测。在此基础上,本文提出了关于风险监控人员和风险监控系统两方面相关建议。