国有企业员工个体差异与提高整体效能初探

强化企业管理,提高整体效能,这是一个值得企业研究的课题。国有企业的可持续发展涉及千方百面,员工个体差异多彩纷呈。文章初步探讨在企业管理中发挥员工的主观能动作用,在各自的工作岗位上,人尽其才,才尽其用,并提出建议。     

Evaluating the efficiency change and productivity progress of the top global telecom operators since OTT's prevalence

The telecommunications industry has undergone significant evolvement from fixed to mobile substitution (FMS) to fixed mobile convergence (FMC) and now to over-the-top (OTT) services due to the huge rise in data usage. This paper explores efficiency variation during the period 2012–2017 for the top 41 global telecom operators in Forbes Global, 2000. Based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) meta-frontier approach to reflect differences in production functions, the empirical results herein show that the number of operators achieving technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier fell from 13 firms in 2012 to 10 firms in 2013 to 8 firms in 2014 to 8 firms in 2015 and then to 7 firms in 2016, but then rose to 11 firms in 2017, displaying the impact from rise in OTT. For the mobile-only group, the average technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier is 0.841, which is superior to the fixed-mobile group's 0.774 and the fixed-only group's 0.714, and the group difference is significant among the three facilities-based groups. The meta-frontier estimation suggests that the fixed-mobile group has the highest meta-technology ratio (MTR) of 0.901 versus the mobile-only group's 0.886 and fixed-only group's 0.718. The empirical results offer policy implications for regulators to encourage telecom operators to have fixed-mobile operations. We further suggest that telecom operators cooperate with OTT service providers and invest in them in order to take advantage of people's more personalized digital life.     

基于 DEA 模型的中国省际经济发展效率研究

科学测度经济发展效率是衡量地区经济增长质量的重要手段。本文以省际面板数据为基础,采用窗口分析法以及 Malmquist 指数研究了中国2000～2009年各省份经济发展效率的区域差异与动态演进特征,并将经济发展效率分解为纯技术效率与规模效率,定位了制约我国省际经济发展效率提升的主要因素,将 Malmquist 生产率指数分解为纯技术效率变化、规模效率变化与技术进步,探讨了我国省际全要素生产率变化的来源。实证分析结果表明：无论从静态还是动态层面,考察期内我国各省份、三大区域经济发展效率呈现比较明显的区域差异性,全要素生产率的提升主要依靠技术进步来驱动。     

Measurement of competitiveness in smallholder livestock systems and emerging policy advocacy: An application to Botswana

Farm level cross sectional data of 556 randomly selected livestock producers were used to investigate the competitiveness of smallholder beef farmers in Botswana. The results show the presence of inefficiency, with about 74% of the variation in actual profit from maximum profit (profit frontier) between farms mainly arising from differences in farmers’ practices rather than random variability. Further the mean profit efficiency level of 0.58 suggests that there is a substantial scope to improve beef profitability in Botswana. Significant profit efficiency drivers include, among others, education, distance to market, herd size, access to information and access to income from crop production. Considering the importance of livestock sector for wealth creation and poverty eradication in the rural areas where poverty is more pronounced, there is a need for appropriate development strategies and policies directed towards addressing these factors. In particular there is need to invest in market infrastructure in order to improve market access, hence profit efficiency of smallholder livestock farmers.     

“一带一路”倡议下中国与西亚贸易潜力研究--基于引力模型的实证分析

西亚地处亚欧非交界地带,自古以来就是丝绸之路的重要组成部分,广泛开展与西亚各国的经贸关系对“一带一路”建设具有重要意义。本文以中国与西亚各国的进出口贸易数据为基础,利用扩展的贸易引力模型分析了中国与西亚各国的贸易潜力,测算了双边贸易效率。实证结果表明:双方人均GDP、西亚各国的人口规模和区域贸易协定可以显著促进双边贸易,双边距离和中国的人口规模会阻碍贸易发展。据此建议中国在与西亚贸易往来时,应注重优化贸易结构、加强区域合作、发展港口运输和基础设施建设以及防范贸易风险。     

A stage-dependent model of resource utilization,strategic flexibility,and implications for performance over time: Empirical evidence from a transitional environment

It has long been recognized that there is a tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. How organizations utilize resources across time and space will affect firm survival and growth. In this paper, we examine resource utilization and performance implications over time in an environment undergoing fundamental institutional transformation. Based on a large archive of Chinese government data from 1988, 1992, and 1996, the study finds that (1) the impact of resource utilization is contingent on the degree to which different resources are committed to factors of production, (2) the impact is curvilinear and only valid within an “optimal” range, and (3) the performance implications change over time. As firms enter later stages of the transitional process, efficiency becomes less important as they shift their strategic focus from exploitation to exploration, which requires more flexibility. These findings have significant bearing on the issue of upgrading technological competitiveness in China as the country becomes increasingly integrated in the global economy. Such insights may also have implications for other emerging economies in Asia.

环境规制、技术创新与中国火电行业的效率提升

基于效率的视角,本文对2004年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)火电行业的环境规制进行分析。首先利用三阶段DEA模型排除经营环境与统计噪音对中国火电行业效率的影响,然后从非规制、弱规制、强规制三个层次分析环境规制程度与中国火电行业效率的关系。实证结果表明,环境规制可以提升中国火电行业整体的效率水平,总体上存在技术创新激励效应,但并非适用各个地区。最后本文根据环境规制与技术效率的关系,将中国各地区火电行业的发展模式划分为内力驱动环境友好型、环境弱友好型和外力推动环境友好型三种,并给出各自适应的规制建议。     

宏观金融效率与微观金融效率一致吗？——来自广东省农信社的实证数据（1993—2004）

农村金融是中国金融体系的短板,中国农村金融发展的关键是效率问题。针对宏微观金融效率研究出现的分野,聚焦中国金融体系的短板,本文以广东省农信社为例,尝试回答“宏观金融效率是否与微观金融效率一致”的问题。本文首先通过回归分析与基于经济发展分区的Panel-Data模型分别检验广东省农信社作为一个整体与经济分区对广东农村经济可能存在的促进作用,实证结果表明：Panel—Data模型的分析结果更加显著,农信社发展对农村经济有更加显著的促进作用。文章接着将广东农信社的微观金融效率与四大国有银行的微观金融效率进行比较．发现广东省农信社的宏观金融效率与微观金融效率不匹配。     

二元金融下的“双缺口”悖论研究

自1990年开始,我国出现了国内储蓄过剩与以FDI为主的外资涌入并存的现象,与传统发展经济学中的"双缺口"理论相悖。对此,本文认为主要的原因在于,我国在向市场经济过渡时期存在的"二元金融",使得国内储蓄过剩,与此同时,以FDI为主的外资的涌入,出于"效率互补",利用其配置资源的优势,弥补国内金融控制的缺陷,促进国内储蓄向投资的有效转化。     

The Sophisticated and the Simple: the Profitability of Contrarian Strategies

A variety of variables have been used to form contrarian portfolios, ranging from relatively simple measures, like book‐to‐market, cash flow‐to‐price, earnings‐to‐price and past returns, to more sophisticated measures based on the Ohlson model and residual income model (RIM). This paper investigates whether: (i) contrarian strategies based on RIM perform better or worse than those based on the Ohlson model; (ii) contrarian strategies based on more sophisticated valuation models (e.g. Ohlson and RIM) perform much better than the relatively simpler ranking variables that have been used so extensively in the finance literature. Given that the RIM and Ohlson models require greater information inputs and technical know‐how, and make different implicit assumptions on future abnormal earnings, it is important to ascertain if they offer significantly greater contrarian profits to outweigh the increased costs that they entail. Indeed, our surprising finding is that simple cash flow‐to‐price measures appear to do almost as well as the more sophisticated alternatives. One would have expected the sophisticated models to significantly outperform the simple cash flow to price model for the reasons given by Penman (2007) .