S700K型电动转辙机道岔控制电路故障分析

随着列车运行速度的不断提高,S700K型电动转辙机得到广泛的应用,文章主要介绍了S700K型电动转辙机道岔控制电路故障现象和原因以及查找处理的方法。     

EXPLORING THE IMPORTANCE OF EXCESS FEMALE MORTALITY AND DISCRIMINATION IN “NATALITY” IN EXPLAINING THE “LOWNESS” OF THE SEX RATIO IN INDIA

The beginning of the present century has been marked by a shift in attention from “excess” female mortality to discrimination in natality in explaining the “lowness” of the sex ratio or proportion of women in India's population. Such a shift in focus seemingly suggests that discrimination in intra‐family allocation of resources has reduced substantially in India. In this context, an attempt has been made to decompose the observed lowness of the sex ratio in India vis‐à‐vis that of the stable population into that attributable to: (1) age structure difference, (2) excess female mortality, and (3) abnormalities in sex ratios at birth in India. Estimated contributions by each factor suggest that, as late as 2001, excess female mortality or the lowness of the relative survival advantage of women is the single most important determinant of “missing” women in India. The results also point to the importance of age structure difference, which accounts for a little more than 17% of the lowness of the sex ratio in India in 2001.     

Optimizing the shares of native tree species in forest plantations with biased financial parameters

Addressing uncertainty is a key requirement to follow the principle of precaution in sustainable ecosystem management. The maximization of worst-case outcomes according to the “maximin” decision rule, based on the two parameters mean and variance of a financial indicator, is a prominent approach to integrate uncertainty in decision-making. In forestry, the problem of selecting the optimum tree species combination for a forest plantation investment can be seen as a problem of optimal portfolio selection, to be solved according to the “maximin” decision rule. Yet, it is well known that portfolios computed from expected means and variances are highly sensitive to changes in the estimated parameters. The financial results may be poor if we rely too much on the historical data. This paper tests an extended worst-case model that considers a lower bound for the expected mean net present value (NPV) of a tree species portfolio and an upper bound for its variance. Biased expected mean NPVs, variances and correlations for the tree species Picea abies [L.] Karst. (Spruce) and Fagus sylvatica L. (Beech) were used to test the variability of the resulting tree species portfolios (27 scenarios). A comprehensive simulated data set, which was adopted from an existing study and defined as the independent reference, served to evaluate the financial performance of the tree species portfolios obtained from optimization with the biased data. Compared with the results of classical worst-case optimization instances, it was feasible to reduce the variability of tree species shares effectively when the optimization was carried out with the extended worst-case approach. Furthermore, the financial performance of this approach was better when tested with the independent data. The worst-case forest NPVs achieved with the extended approach were on average 10% (statistical confidence 0.95) or 147% (statistical confidence 0.99) greater in comparison to the results of the classical approach. The influence of the uncertainty parameter selection was tested and the results were discussed against the controversial viewpoints on the usefulness of the “information-gap decision theory”. Finally, the significance of our results for sustainable ecosystem management is pointed out.     

竹（浆）纤维/棉纤维混纺产品纤维含量定量化学分析方法的研究

本文根据竹（浆）纤维和棉纤维的物理化学性质及产品特点,采用不同批次的竹（浆）纤维和棉纤维混和进行试验,确定了用60%硫酸溶解竹（浆）纤维。试验条件为硫酸溶液浓度：60%±0.5%;溶解温度25℃±2℃;溶解时间20min±2min;浴比：1g试样：100～150ml溶剂;振荡速率140±10次/min。棉纤维的重量修正系数d=1.03,从而可准确、便捷地确定竹（浆）纤维/棉纤维混纺产品的纤维含量。     

Robustness of some non-uniform random variate generators

Often the usefulness of a random variate generator for a distribution is based on the successful generation of independent variates from the uniform distribution. However, no pseudo-random number generator is capable of generating a truly random uniform sequence. As the cost of computations is now dramatically reduced, the computational efficiency should not be the primary criterion in choosing a good generator. Proposed here is a robustness criterion which is designed to study the effect of an imperfect pseudo-random number generator on the accuracy of a random variate generator. In particular, the beta and binomial variate generators are examined for their robustness to the non-uniformity of a pseudo-random number generator.     

铁路区间通过能力计算方法的变革

结合铁路跨越式发展形势下运输组织变化的要求,提出新的铁路区间通过能力计算方法——直接计算法,从而对沿用几十年至今的扣除系数法进行了根本性的变革。在论述直接计算法基本概念的基础上,从运行图横向结构和纵向结构两个方面,对直接计算法及其与扣除系数法的区别进行了分析说明。     

Bank fragility, “money under the mattress”, and long-run growth: US evidence from the “perfect” Panic of 1893

This paper examines how the US financial crisis of 1893 affected state output growth between 1900 and 1930. The results indicate that a 1% increase in bank instability reduced output growth by 2–5%. A comparison of Nebraska, which had one of the highest bank failure rates, with West Virginia, which did not experience a single bank failure, reveals that disintermediation affected growth through a portfolio change among savers: people simply stopped trusting banks. Time series evidence from newspapers indicates that articles containing the words “money hidden” significantly increase after banking crises, then slowly die out.     

国有企业改革的利益关系分析

改革国有企业导致的利益冲突是阻碍国有企业改革的主要原因。有国有企业体系有三个明显的既得利集团。国有企业改革就是不断改变既得利益的过程。改革国有企业的主要措施在不同方面不同程度改变了既得利益，并使既得利益受损，由此产生的利益冲突形成改革国有企业的阻力。利益补偿和加快其它国有部门的改革能减少改革国有企业的利益冲突，从而能减少改革国有企业的阻力     

The impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on the expansion of China's higher education in overseas markets along the route

Due to the differences in economic and social conditions among the Belt‐and‐Road (B&R) countries, resources exchange might bring significant effect on companies and organizations in these countries. In recent years, vigorously developing university education and attracting more outstanding international students have become important means for “B&R” countries to expand education market and enhance international influence. However, there is limited research discussing the impact of “B&R” on the internationalization of higher education. Taking the sponsoring country (China) of the “B&R” strategy as an example, this article explores the impact of this strategy on Chinese universities' expansion in the education market, and further analyzes the important relevant factors from the perspectives of international competitiveness. The findings show that the B&R Initiative has a significant impact on the expansion of Chinese universities in overseas markets along the route. Furthermore, we have found “push” factors related to China's macro and micro environments, and “pull” factors associated with countries along the B&R route.     

ANOTHER SPINNING INNOVATION: THE CASE OF THE RATTLING SPINDLE,GARABŌ, IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAPANESE SPINNING INDUSTRY

Through the importation of the state‐of‐the‐art British spinning technology of the late nineteenth century, a new cotton spinning sector began to emerge in Meiji Japan during the 1870s and 1880s. This hectic technology transfer was accompanied by a remarkable domestic technological breakthrough that enabled the local spinners to significantly increase productivity to meet the unprecedented pace of the soaring market demand. This paper examines a relatively neglected case of the rattling spindle, Garabō, which was a product of Japanese native industrial endowments in parallel with the development of the British‐style mills.