群体心理资本对员工创造力的跨层次影响

员工创造力是团队/组织创新的重要推动力,从多个层次综合考察员工创造力的影响因素具有重要意义。基于创造力成分模型、社会感染理论与组织管理领域的多层次理论,构建了群体心理资本影响员工创造力的关系模型,以103个工作团队（103名团队主管,365名成员）为样本,对研究假设及影响路径进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：①群体心理资本对员工创造力具有显著的正向预测效果;②群体心理资本对团队反思具有显著的正向预测效果,且团队反思在群体心理资本与员工创造力关系间起到了跨层次中介作用;③团队心理安全跨层次调节团队反思与员工创造力之间的正向关系,即团队心理安全越高,团队反思与员工创造力之间的正向关系越强。     

Environmental liability and the capital structure of firms

This paper analyses the impact of environmental liability regimes on the capital structure of firms. We show that imposing environmental liability only on polluting firms, with limited liability, increases use of bank debt. Extending environmental liability to banks lowers bank borrowing relative to liability only on firms, with an ambiguous effect relative to no liability. Using US industry-level data we estimate a reduced-form model of bank borrowing by firms and show that the introduction of environmental liability only on firms increased bank borrowing by 15–20%, but when liability was extended to banks, borrowing returned to a level slightly higher than with no liability.     

产出波动对我国贸易失衡的影响——基于经常账户跨期方法的实证研究

经常账户的跨期方法认为,贸易余额主要取决于生产的跨时比较优势、跨时消费偏好和跨期贸易条件。本文通过时间序列的协整分析发现:我国的贸易余额与生产的跨时比较优势即产出波动、实际利率、汇率、相对价格有着长期的协整关系。产出波动和汇率对贸易余额的影响显著,实际利率和相对价格对贸易余额的影响不显著。其中,产出波动是贸易余额的Granger原因,我国的贸易失衡主要受产出波动即生产的跨时比较优势而非跨期贸易条件的影响。     

论人民币升值与资本账户的开放

由于中国是一个有着高储蓄率“优势”的国家,国内储蓄远远大于国内吸收,因而存在巨额储蓄盈余并表现为持续且庞大的经常项目顺差。国际收支常处于不平衡状态,人民币面临越来越大的升值压力。如果给定国内储蓄大于国内投资,那么就必须为国内盈余的资金寻找出路。若一味依靠人民币升值的办法硬性求得中国外部平衡,从长期看必然牺牲内部平衡,其结果将可能是危险甚至是灾难性的。更明智的做法应该是鼓励资本输出并逐步开放资本账户,同时实行有管理的浮动汇率。当然,还应该加快金融制度改革的步伐并逐步开放金融市场。     

风险投资退出机制研究:来自广东的经验

股权退出机制使得风险资本能够实现循环投资,也是风险投资中潜在或外在的有关公司控制权的激励合约的组成部分之一。本文以广东为例,说明了退出机制差异造成了我国内外资风险投资机构的经营差距,而退出机制差异主要体现为国内资本市场体系不完善,进而提出了建设多层次资本市场的相关对策选择。     

财政赤字、金融发展与经济增长：省级面板数据实证研究

本文在概括性描述我国金融发展的典型事实并重新构造度量指标的基础上,利用省级面板数据实证分析我国金融发展的决定因素,证实地方政府的财政收支行为对我国金融发展有显著的作用,其中财政赤字对经济货币化指标具有显著的正向影响,对重新构造的金融相关比率具有显著的正向作用,对以股票资产交易额衡量的资本市场发展指标具有显著的反向影响;而金融发展指标对经济增长的效应不显著,政府的扩张性支出行为驱动的金融发展即通过提高资本积累而不是资本效率促进经济增长,但这种增长的可持续性是不容乐观的。金融体系的进一步发展有赖于深化财政体制改革和创新公共融资模式。     

资本充足率、存款准备金率与货币政策银行信贷传导——基于银行业市场结构的分析

基于垄断竞争的银行业市场结构,研究银行在受到资本充足率和存款准备金率双重约束条件下,在面对货币政策冲击的情况下所做出的最优信贷决策行为。通过构造贷款市场总体均衡模型,得出以下结论:当银行满足资本充足率和存款准备金率要求时,货币政策的银行信贷传导渠道表现出有效性;而当贷款市场中的银行不能满足资本充足率或存款准备金率要求时,货币政策的银行信贷传导渠道则表现出无效性。     

融资成本、寻租行为和企业内部资本配置

本文构造了一个两层次委托代理模型,强调了外部资本市场和内部资本市场之间的相互作用,分析表明,资本配置扭曲和资本使用效率低下的关键是外部资本市场运作不完善对企业内部管理者的寻租行为的影响。本文的分析表明,融资成本偏低的外部资本市场不仅会促使企业CEO过分扩大融资规模,而且会加剧企业内部管理者的寻租行为,导致资本配置不当、投资缺乏效率的不良后果。本文的政策含义是,必须改变融资成本偏低的现状,并加强公司治理结构建设,才能解决我国企业融资过热、资本使用效率低下等一系列问题。     

Pecking order as a dynamic leverage theory

Static tradeoff theories, which do not explicitly treat the impact of transaction costs, do not explain the policy of asymmetry between frequent small debt transactions and infrequent large equity transactions. Nor do these theories explain why the debt ratio is allowed to wander a considerable distance from its alleged static optimum, or how much of a distance should be tolerated. We offer a class of diffusion models that mimic this behaviour in a stochastic-dynamic framework and are designed to optimize a financing strategy using any static tradeoff theory as input. The models developed reveal the determinants of the size and frequency of equity transactions and the range of values over which leverage variations are tolerated in four generic scenarios. They also yield a new formulation of the cost of capital that recognizes stochastic transaction costs and a penalty for deviation from any static-optimal leverage. Our class of models augments the pecking order theory, provides a flexible quantitative framework for its implementation as a decision tool, and facilitates the formulation of additional hypotheses for its empirical validation. Symmetrically, our results show the importance of dynamic factors in designing and interpreting empirical tests of static tradeoff theories. The results presented have important implications for the role played by static tradeoff theories in a stochastic-dynamic framework. One such implication is that the static-optimal leverage has no direct effect on the firm's leverage policy in this setting. The target leverage for refinancing transactions is different from the static-optimal leverage, and the mean leverage is generally different from both. As a consequence, the latter cannot be used to estimate the former. Another implication is that even when the mean leverage equals the static optimum, mean reversion is not an optimal behaviour and therefore not a legitimate test for the existence of a static tradeoff in a dynamic context. Still another implication is that wide variations in leverage ratios cannot be interpreted as evidence of leverage indifference. It follows that the pecking order theory is consistent with static tradeoff theories and does not require the assumption of leverage indifference.     

三种资本市场假说介评

西方金融投资学的主流观点是以有效市场假说为基础 ,以均衡、线性思维、标准计量模型优化求解为主要特征的。它们受到广泛的实证检验,是现代资本市场理论的基石。协同市场假说尤其是分形市场假说等新的更为广义的非线性理论的出现 ,为资本市场研究和投资策略设计开创了一种新视角和新方法 ,并可能重新构造资本市场理论框架