控股股东、实际控制权与小股东权益保护

股权集中型公司是现代公司的主流组织形态之一,其代理成本主要产生于控股股东与小股东之间存在的利益冲突.通过发行多种类股票、交叉持股和金字塔式控股等方式,控股股东能够获取比与其股权份额相对应的名义控制权更大的实际控制权,因而更容易发生以侵害小股东权益作代价追求控制权私下收益的道德风险行为,致使代理成本高昂.声誉机制和法律手段能够迫使控股股东收敛侵占行为,且法律手段较声誉机制更为有效.在中国,声誉机制对控股股东基本不起作用,保护小股东权益的最为有效的措施是完善相关立法并加大执法力度.     

论成渝经济统筹发展

Chengdu and Chongqing are two megalopolises with the synthesized economic strength and the strongest urban competitiveness in the entire western region, which have very important positions in the development of western China. Through horizontal contrast of social economic developing level of the two cities, the two cities‘ economic foundation of unitary development is analyzed from complementary and integrative relationship. Then the policies and measures of economic unitary development of two cities is put forward.     

论第三方物流的经济性

第三方物流是一种专业化的物流组织，具有很强的经济性。随着第三方物流的发展，它的经济性会发挥的更加充分。第三方物流的经济性，主要包括规模经济性，价值创新性和外部经济性。规模经济性是它的基本特征，价值创新性是它的功能特性，而外部经济性则是它的社会效益的表现。全面理解第三方物流的经济性，有利于企业进行科学的物流决策，有利于政府制定有效的物流发展战略。     

How many voters are needed for paradoxes?

Summary. This paper presents a general procedure for finding profiles with the minimum number of voters required for many important paradoxes. Borda's and Condorcet's classic examples are revisited as well as generalizations. Using Saari's procedure line, we obtain an upper bound for the minimum number of voters needed for a profile for which the Condorcet winner is not strictly top ranked for all weighted positional procedures. Also we give a simple upper bound on the minimum number of voters needed for a set of prescribed voting outcomes. In contrast to situations wherein small numbers of voters are needed, we consider paradoxes requiring arbitrarily large numbers of voters as well as large numbers of alternatives. Finally we indicate connections with statistical rank based tests. Received: April 18, 2001; revised version: May 25, 2001     

Can oil shocks explain asymmetries in the US Business Cycle?

We consider whether oil prices can account for business cycle asymmetries. We test for asymmetries based on the Markov switching autoregressive model popularized by Hamilton (1989), using the tests devised by Clements and Krolzig (2000). We find evidence against the conventional wisdom that recessions are more violent than expansions: while some part of the downturn in economic activity that characterises recessionary periods can be attributed to dramatic changes in the price of oil, post-War US economic growth is characterized by the steepness of expansions. First Version Received: December 2000/Final Version Received: September 2001     

湖南省区域开发的空间模式研究

根据湖南省区域开发条件和现状,运用点轴理论,分析湖南省国土综合开发的地域结构及其演化趋势,进而提出全省中长期开发的空间模式,为宏观决策提供依据。即在湘江中下游和洞庭湖区实施网络式开发与点轴式开发相结合的开发模式,在湘中和湘南地区实施点轴开发模式,在湘西地区实施据点式开发模式。     

四川民营企业融资结构的优化

本文主要从四川民营企业的外部视角,即从影响其融资结构形成的政府和金融中介组织的行为优化角度,分析探讨政府与金融机构在四川民营企业扩大融资渠道、调整融资方式和克服融资障碍方面所能提供的支持服务,以及在营造有利于改善四川民营企业融资结构的外部环境方面的努力方向与可行措施。     

以新的发展观看西部生态经济开发的创新模式

以新的发展观来看,西部经济发展必须从系统、协调和可持续发展的理念出发,以跨越式的发展方式、市场化的发展道路,形成人与经济、人与自然协调发展的生态经济的目标模式。这就需要在西部形成一套生态经济开发的创新机制,这个创新机制包括观念创新、理论创新、制度创新和实践创新。     

论中国区域发展战略的三次转向

《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》系统提出和阐述了区域协调发展的总体部署,标志着中国区域发展战略实现了第三次转向,即从局部区域优先发展战略转向区域协调发展战略。这次战略转向是建国以来区域发展战略理论与实践发展的必然结果,这一新战略具有以区域协调发展为战略目标,以区域协调机制的构建作为区域协调发展的战略重点等新的内涵。     

Diffusion of innovations in globally stable Walrasian equilibrium

When all products in the economy are weak gross substitutes, preferences are homothetic, and firms face menu costs then all prices in an industry move together at the same rate. In the closed-loop Nash noncooperative equilibrium, all firms invest in productivity and reduce real prices. As a result, in the case of quadratic menu costs, the outputs of industries and the economy go up along S-shaped time paths characteristic of diffusion of innovations.