慢性病患者就医行为的文献综述研究

慢性病患者选择就诊方式受到各种因素的影响,本文主要对慢性病患者的就医行为的相关理论和国内外相关研究进行了梳理。     

Does sport make you happy? An analysis of the well‐being derived from sports participation

This paper examines the impact of sports participation upon the subjective well‐being of individuals. Encouraging participation in sports activity is now an important public policy issue, as it is argued that there are benefits in terms of health and well‐being to individuals as well as to society through externalities. Controlling for personal and socio‐demographic characteristics affecting well‐being, this paper examines if participation in, and the frequency and duration of, 67 sports activities affects well‐being. The form in which sports participation takes place is also investigated by examining if social‐interaction sports produce more well‐being. This paper demonstrates that sports participation has a positive affect upon the subjective well‐being of the population and, moreover, estimates its monetary value. The effects are larger if one allows for social interactions.     

消费者情绪对通货膨胀影响的理论分析

本文基于消费者行为理论和行为经济学理论,构建了一个两期的经济模型,并通过数值模拟的方法,分别研究了消费者在不同情况下的消费者情绪与物价变动和消费的关系。结果表明:消费者情绪会影响物价和消费的波动;消费者情绪会对货币政策的效果产生影响;在制定利率政策时要考虑到居民的消费习惯;在经济周期的不同阶段,消费者情绪对物价的影响不同;在消费者异质的情况下,国家的收入分配政策会影响国家调控物价的效果。     

公司治理与管理层机会主义会计选择——基于新会计准则的实证分析

2007年1月1日开始实施的新会计准则为上市公司提供了更多的会计选择空间,诱发了管理层的机会主义动机。本文以新会计准则下金融资产分类为例,结合2007～2008年中国A股上市公司数据,实证检验了公司治理安排对管理层机会主义会计选择的影响。研究发现,国家控股和两职合一的公司更倾向于机会主义会计选择,独立董事比例和管理层持股比例与机会主义会计选择显著负相关。并且,独立董事和股权激励制度对管理层机会主义会计行为的约束作用在国有企业中更加显著。本研究丰富了会计选择的研究文献,有助于监管部门了解新会计准则的实施效果及影响机制。     

企业并购模式的动态选择

企业并购有横向、纵向、混合三种主要模式。横向并购浪潮促进了资本主义初期企业规模经济的形成与产业集中度提高;纵向并购浪潮促进了西方国家工业化中期企业资本进一步聚集与产业结构升级;混合并购浪潮一方面形成了一批多元化经营的巨型企业,另一方面,使规模小、实力弱的企业重新突出主业。本文将企业并购模式的选择与企业、产业生命周期联系起来考察,提出企业生命周期系数与产业生命周期系数的概念与计量方法;建立了企业、产业生命周期系数与经济周期指数三维坐标系,定量分析了企业、产业及宏观经济处于不同阶段时,如何动态选择并购模式,提高并购绩效。     

The Assimilative and Contrastive Effects of Word-of-Mouth Volume: An Experimental Examination of Online Consumer Ratings

The popularity of online rate-and-review websites has increased the importance of word-of-mouth (WOM) volume (number of ratings) yet the retail literature has not paid adequate attention to understanding its impact. This paper highlights WOM volume as a high-scope, decision-making cue upon which the influence of other WOM-relevant characteristics on a WOM message's persuability depends. We begin, via a pretest, by demonstrating the intuitive expectation that high volume, relative to low volume, accentuates or assimilates perceptions of positivity or negativity of WOM targets. Then, through two experimental studies, we show that depending upon how high volume interacts with WOM consensus and consumer decision precommitment, it can contrast preference away from the valence of a target also. In our third and final experimental study, we demonstrate that consumers differ in their susceptibility to the influence of high volume. Those with a higher desire to be different from others, compared to those with a higher desire to be similar, are resistant to high volume's assimilative sway and do not show the valence-accentuating effects demonstrated in the pretest. Retail managers and researchers should find these insights about the different roles of WOM volume beneficial.     

A model of adolescents' online consumer self-efficacy (OCSE)

This paper investigates adolescent online shopping and self-efficacy development in the virtual setting. The authors present and test a model of antecedents and mediators to two dimensions of online consumer self-efficacy. Additionally, a discriminant analysis finds that more involved adolescent online shoppers can be differentiated from less involved online shoppers on key variables of interest-shopping motivations, self-efficacies, shopping behaviors, and relative influence in household decision-making.     

广告、品牌壁垒与消费者选择

传统产业经济学研究的进入壁垒一般是基于厂商在生产领域内的非对称优势壁垒,如规模经济、产品差异化等;或制度性壁垒,如政策、法律等。但是,在供给过剩的条件下,生产领域中的非对称优势会被迅速模仿并最终失去壁垒作用,而基于消费者选择行为的品牌机制,将会成为一种新的壁垒形式,即品牌壁垒。对于品牌壁垒的形成途径,本文从广告形成品牌壁垒的线索出发进行了理论评述,进一步的,我们证明产品转化为商品的过程也存在着成本,而由选择成本决定的品牌机制,可以提高产品转化率,在厂商内部实现转化效率,从而获得非对称优势。在商品过剩及消费者选择的条件下,由品牌构筑起的进入壁垒对于防止新进入者的进入显得更为持久更为有效,同时这也将成为厂商竞争最重要的壁垒形式之一。     

Accommodating spatial correlation across choice alternatives in discrete choice models: an application to modeling residential location choice behavior

This paper presents a modeling methodology capable of accounting for spatial correlation across choice alternatives in discrete choice modeling applications. Many location choice (e.g., residential location, workplace location, destination location) modeling contexts involve choice sets where alternatives are spatially correlated with one another due to unobserved factors. In the presence of such spatial correlation, traditional discrete choice modeling methods that are often based on the assumption of independence among choice alternatives are not appropriate. In this paper, a Generalized Spatially Correlated Logit (GSCL) model that allows one to represent the degree of spatial correlation as a function of a multi-dimensional vector of attributes characterizing each pair of location choice alternatives is formulated and presented. The formulation of the GSCL model allows one to accommodate alternative correlation mechanisms rather than pre-imposing restrictive correlation assumptions on the location choice alternatives. The model is applied to the analysis of residential location choice behavior using a sample of households drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) data set. Model estimation results obtained from the GSCL are compared against those obtained using the standard multinomial logit (MNL) model and the spatially correlated logit (SCL) model where only correlations across neighboring (or adjacent) alternatives are accommodated. Model findings suggest that there is significant spatial correlation across alternatives that do not share a common boundary, and that the GSCL offers the ability to more accurately capture spatial location choice behavior.     

On structural inelasticity of modal substitution in freight transport

At the European level there is an increasing focus on how freight transport can be moved from trucks on roads to more environmentally friendly modes such as rail and ship. A large proportion of the transport services between OD pairs, however, cannot be substituted since there is only one alternative available. The paper investigates the magnitude of this “structural inelasticity” of modal substitution in freight transport due to a sparser layout of rail and ship-based freight networks compared to road. In the analysis we use a recent Scandinavian freight demand model covering more than 800 zones. We find that the structural inelasticity is very significant - in particular for transportation over less than 500 km. Moreover, the inelasticity varies greatly with commodity groups and between OD pairs, and it depends strongly on the port and rail infrastructure. The results suggest that pure charging instruments (road pricing for trucks) in many regions will have limited mode substitution impacts. However, if combined with structural changes in terms of improved infrastructure for rail and ship, impacts may be greater.