文化消费质量：内涵刻画、描述性评价与现状测度

文化消费质量问题正日益受到关注,但梳理相关文献可以发现,关于文化消费质量的已有研究严重欠缺.论文尝试从人均文化消费水平、文化消费占总消费支出的比重、文化消费与收入的匹配度、文化消费的内部结构、文化消费的差异以及文化消费的成本与消费效果等六个维度对文化消费质量的科学内涵进行刻画,藉此构建文化消费质量的描述性评价指标体系,并基于该指标体系对2001～2013年我国居民文化消费质量状况进行了测度,从而得出结论和建议.     

Types of cooperation partners as determinants of innovation failures

In this paper we analyse if specific R&D cooperation partners are related to an increase in the probability of innovation failures in terms discontinuing innovation projects. We distinguish between seven different R&D cooperation partner types, and we discriminate between product innovation failures and process innovation failures. Using German Community Innovation Survey data we find that, firstly, each type of R&D cooperation partner has a different effect on innovation failures. Secondly, we show that product innovation failures and process innovation failures are not affected in equal measure by the same type of R&D cooperation partner. Our results suggest that while R&D cooperation with public research institutes is significantly and negatively related to the probability to cancel a process innovation project, the coefficient is positive but insignificant for product innovation failures. Firms conducting partnerships with suppliers, however, run the risk of both product and process innovation failures. In turn, cooperation with competitors is positively correlated only to process innovation failures.     

政府管制、企业创新与IPO时机选择

基于美式期权的思想,研究了在中国政府加快注册制改革的背景下政府行为和企业创新对IPO时机选择的影响,用泊松跳随机过程描述技术创新对企业现金流的冲击,即通过影响企业价值进而影响企业上市时机选择。利用2001—2015年的数据进行实证分析,从定性和定量的角度深入探讨了市场变量、政府变量和企业创新与IPO数量之间的动态关系。     

R&D cooperation with scientific institutions: a difference-in-difference approach

Economists and business managers have long been interested in the impact of research and development (R&D) cooperation with scientific institutions on the innovation performance of firms. Recent research identifies a positive correlation between these two variables. This paper aims to contribute to the identification of the relationship between R&D cooperation with scientific institutions and the product and process innovation performance of firms by using a difference-in-difference approach. In doing so, we distinguish between two different types of scientific institutions: universities and governmental research institutes. For the econometric analyses, we use data from the German Community Innovation Survey. In total, data from up to 560 German service and manufacturing firms are available for the difference-in-difference analyses. The results suggest that R&D cooperation with universities and governmental research institutes has a positive effect on both product innovation and process innovation performance of firms.     

Long-term health economic benefits of sensor-augmented pump therapy vs continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion alone in type 1 diabetes: a UK perspective

Aims/hypothesis:

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is an important treatment option for type 1 diabetes patients unable to achieve adequate glycemic control with multiple daily injections (MDI). Combining CSII with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAP) with a low glucose-suspend (LGS) feature may further improve glycemic control and reduce the frequency of hypoglycemia. A cost-effectiveness analysis of SAP?+?LGS vs CSII plus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was performed to determine the health economic benefits of SAP?+?LGS in type 1 diabetes patients using CSII in the UK.

Methods:

Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using the CORE diabetes model. Treatment effects were sourced from the literature, where SAP?+?LGS was associated with a projected HbA_1c reduction of ?1.49% vs ?0.62% for CSII, and a reduced frequency of severe hypoglycemia. The time horizon was that of patient lifetimes; future costs and clinical outcomes were discounted at 3.5% and 1.5% per annum, respectively.

Results:

Projected outcomes showed that SAP?+?LGS was associated with higher mean quality-adjusted life expectancy (17.9 vs 14.9 quality-adjusted life years [QALYs], SAP?+?LGS vs CSII), and higher life expectancy (23.8 vs 21.9 years), but higher mean lifetime direct costs (GBP 125,559 vs GBP 88,991), leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of GBP 12,233 per QALY gained for SAP?+?LGS vs CSII. Findings of the base-case analysis remained robust in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions/interpretation:

For UK-based type 1 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control, the use of SAP?+?LGS is likely to be cost-effective compared with CSII plus SMBG.     

Cost-effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in people with type 2 diabetes in the Netherlands

Aims: Up to 30% of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients are unable to achieve HbA1c targets despite optimization of insulin multiple daily injections (MDI). For these patients the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) represents a useful but under-utilized alternative. The aim of the present analysis was to examine the cost-effectiveness of initiating CSII in type 2 diabetes patients failing to achieve good glycemic control on MDI in the Netherlands. Methods: Long-term projections were made using the IMS CORE Diabetes Model. Clinical input data were sourced from the OpT2mise trial. The analysis was performed over a lifetime time horizon. The discount rates applied to future costs and clinical outcomes were 4% and 1.5% per annum, respectively. Results: CSII was associated with improved quality-adjusted life expectancy compared with MDI (9.38 quality-adjusted life years [QALYs] vs 8.95 QALYs, respectively). The breakdown of costs indicated that ～50% of costs were attributable to diabetes-related complications. Higher acquisition costs of CSII vs MDI were partially offset by the reduction in complications. The ICER was estimated at EUR 62,895 per QALY gained and EUR 60,474 per QALY gained when indirect costs were included. Conclusions: In the Netherlands, CSII represents a cost-effective option in patients with type 2 diabetes who continue to have poorly-controlled HbA1c despite optimization of MDI. Since the ICER falls below the willingness-to-pay threshold of EUR 80,000 per QALY gained, CSII is likely to represent good-value for money in the treatment of poorly-controlled T2D patients compared with MDI.     

网络地位、网络强度能否影响创新绩效及成长路径?——基于286家北京市科技型中小微企业调研数据的研究

有效利用外部资源实现企业创新与成长是当今企业保持持续竞争优势的重要方略。运用课题组“企业社会网络与成长影响因素”调查问卷数据对网络强度与网络地位影响企业创新及成长的内在机制进行了剖析。结论发现：网络强度与网络地位与企业成长之间不存在直接的显著正向影响路径,但网络强度通过刺激产品创新、网络地位通过促进技术创新导致产品创新进而对企业成长具有显著正向影响。其中,网络地位对网络强度的影响机制具有正向调节作用,而网络强度不具有类似的对网络地位的正向调节作用。最后得到实践指导意义：企业在构建社会网络时应注重与关键节点的联结强度,从而可以提高网络地位进而增强创新直至促进企业成长。     

Transparency and the regulatory process in Europe and the United States: two research priorities

Transparency research related to the regulatory process would benefit most from two types of empirical studies. One batch of studies, described in the fifth section of this essay, would focus on the American states and the member states of the European Union to identify the factors that determine whether regulatory processes are more transparent and whether transparency is successful in improving regulations and the regulatory process. In other words, we need comparative state (for the US) and member state (for the EU) studies to develop metrics for the quality of regulations and the role of transparency is advancing or weakening the quality of regulations at the state (for the US) and member state (for the EU) level. The second batch of studies, described in the sixth section of this essay, would explore who uses the information currently provided at the levels of transparency currently available in regulatory processes at the European Union and federal government of the United States. Who benefits from transparency and how are they using the available transparency mechanisms?     

中国农村经济发展积累过程形态分析

了解中国农村经济发展的经济结构对认识中国农村经济有着特殊的意义。本文旨在通过全国30个省、自治区和直辖市经济发展的比较研究,运用值域分析、方差分析和回归分析方法、探索出全国经济积累过程的发展形态,总结出地区伴随着经济发展过程而出现的特有经济结构现象,寻找问题症结的所在和解决问题的突破点,为国家经济提供建设性参考建议。     

大规模定制的组织特征研究

目前国内外学者和专家主要从技术角度研究如何实现大规模定制,而本文从组织设计理论的角度分析了大规模定制模式对组织的要求。成功实施大规模定制的动态稳定性组织要求以增加顾客价值为导向、以业务流程为中心、内部组织具有高度柔性、外部组织能战略协作。