东部"民工荒"对我国经济发展的启示

2004年春天以来,我国东部地区爆发了"民工荒".根据托达罗的剩余劳动力转移模型,我国农村剩余劳动力转移的收入与成本,在收入不变的情况下,农村剩余劳动力外出就业的成本却在上升.因此,"民工荒"是市场供需调节的结果,是农村剩余劳动力对劳动报酬集体议价的表象,在实际报酬低于预期报酬时的理性反映.由此,我们可以得出对我国经济发展的一些启示.     

航天军工单位项目成本和价格管理优化的思考

通过调研航天军工单位近年来科研项目计价和成本管理存在的问题,提出应进一步研究政策、完善制度,同时采用多元化的成本补偿方式和多种分类计价模式,注重战略管理,实现价值链分析与作业成本管理的融合.另外,采用能够对项目成本、进度进行综合控制的挣值法进行科研项目成本控制和绩效度量.     

Efficiency thresholds and cost structure in Senegal airports

This paper assesses airport efficiency levels in Senegal under a stochastic environment where the satisficing concept for different performance thresholds is applied. A two-stage satisficing DEA-Support Vector Machine approach is used here to compute the impacts of cost structure on these thresholds. In the first stage, within the ambit of the satisficing DEA model, the probabilities of achieving a minimal performance threshold are computed in a stochastic fashion. In the second stage, Support Vector Machine regression is used to discriminate between high/low efficiency groups within a given performance threshold. This methodology was sufficiently robust to handle small samples. The results reveal that the cost of capital and the cost of labor are the cost structure variables that have the greatest impact on efficiency levels, besides cargo operations.     

Financial frictions and optimal stabilization policy in a monetary union

Financial frictions differ across countries and thus cause international differences in the transmission of shocks. This paper shows how the optimal mix of monetary and fiscal policy depends on these country-specific financial frictions. To this end, we build a two-country DSGE-model of a monetary union. Financial frictions are captured by the cost channel approach. We show that the traditional solution to the assignment problem – the common central bank stabilizes the inflation rate at the union level and the national fiscal authorities stabilize the national economies – does not hold in a world with financial frictions. The cost channel decreases the efficiency of monetary policy and increases the need for fiscal stabilization even at the union level. Moreover, the more heterogeneous the union, the more important is fiscal policy in stabilizing shocks. Finally, we evaluate the scenarios in terms of welfare of the representative household.     

Changing costs and the impact on RSV prophylaxis

Abstract

Objective:

Acquisition costs of palivizumab have increased in Canada since 2007. This analysis aims to re-evaluate the cost effectiveness of palivizumab in Canada for premature infants born between 32 and 35 weeks’ gestational age using updated 2010 healthcare costs compared to those used in a 2007 decision analytic model.

Methods:

New costs (CAN$) were acquired from the same Health Canada and Ontario Ministry of Health sources that were utilized in the previously published 2007 model. Palivizumab prices were acquired from Abbott Laboratories Ltd., current as of August 2010.

Results:

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) rose by $742, going from $30,618/QALY to $31,360/QALY. ICER changes increased from a range of $801,297 to $820,701 for infants with zero risk factors to a decrease from $808 to $192 for infants with four or more risk factors.

Conclusions:

Palivizumab ICERs remained fairly stable from 2007 to 2010. The original recommendation stating that palivizumab is cost effective in infants born between 32 and 35 weeks’ GA with two or more risk factors, or who are at moderate-to-high risk based on a risk assessment model, does not change. Analyses founded on evolving country-specific variables are needed in order to accurately reassess the cost effectiveness of interventions as costs change worldwide.

Limitations:

There are a limited number of publications reporting mortality in premature Canadian infants with RSV as a primary outcome. In addition, conclusions drawn from this analysis are country-specific and limited to premature infants dwelling in Canada.     

资源约束理论与作业成本计算在成本事前控制中的整合

成本事前控制作为决策和规划中的成本控制,致力于企业资源的优化配置,以实现成本控制的战略目标。成本事前控制的有效性主要取决于对成本动因、成本习性分析判断的正确性以及成本决策和规划所依赖成本信息的相关性与可靠性。作为管理控制的可选工具,作业成本计算和资源约束理论分别从不同的角度帮助管理者正确认识生产过程并为资源配置决策提供信息。它们各自都是很有价值的管理控制技术方法,二者各具优势,各有缺点,但在本质上存在很强的互补性。二者可在多个不同的层面进行整合,从而提高成本决策和规划的科学性,为企业带来更大的利益。     

湖北省定额全费用基价与定额统一基价模式比较研究

本文通过分析比较定额全费用基价和定额统一基价模式,详细分析比较两种基价模式的特点及优缺点,进而论证定额全费用基价的优势及发展趋势.     

Efficiency,growth and market power in the banking industry: New approach to efficient structure hypothesis

We extend the work of Homma, Tsutsui, and Uchida (2014) to provide empirical evidence on nexus of relationships in efficient structure (ES) hypothesis. In this framework, we test causality from cost efficiency to bank growth and then from bank growth to market concentration. We apply this approach to banking industry in Association of South East Asian (ASEAN) over the period of 1999–2014. The efficiency scores have been estimated by employing Slack Based Measurements Data Envelopment Analysis (SMB DEA). We apply Two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) to account for endogeneity in estimation models. The results show that cost efficiency enables the banks to grow and obtain higher market share. The resultant growth then leads to higher market concentration/bank market power. There is also some evidence to support for quiet life (QL) hypothesis. Therefore, both ES and QL hypotheses may coexist in ASEAN banking industry.     

RFID在发展过程中遇到的各种问题分析

随着大规模集成电路技术的进步以及生产规模的不断扩大,RFID产品的成本将不断降低,RFID应用也将越来越广泛.但是在RFID应用过程中,遇到了很多问题,例如标准的不统一、隐私权的保护等.本文从标准、安全性和技术等方面,分析了RFID在发展过程中遇到的各种问题.     

网络经济下锁定效应的经济学本质及成因研究——基于非转移成本的视角

锁定效应在人类的社会经济生活中是广泛存在的,是影响人类生产、生活决策的基本规律之一。锁定现象是指行为主体当前的决策选择受制于前期的决策行为。以往对于锁定效应成因的分析大多基于转移成本,本文则认为仅仅将锁定效应归结为转移成本是不全面的。本文基于收益和机会成本的角度对锁定效应的经济学本质进行了阐述,并在此基础上,探讨了锁定效应的成因,旨在对锁定效应的理解及其在网络经济下的应用提供借鉴。