计入碳排放因素的中国核电与煤电平准化成本比较

为研究传统的核电经济性评价内容、方法在低碳发展模式下的变化和拓展,以低碳经济为切入点,引入运行小时修正系数、经济评价期修正系数,计算煤电、天然气发电等电源与不同核电机组类型的单位建成价格。基于修正后的单位建成价格,计算各类电源平准化后的发电成本。进一步考虑在碳排放成本下,分析核电与其他电源发电成本的经济性。     

企业并购成本的战略效益分析

经过金融危机的洗礼,各国经济复苏发展,企业为了在市场发展中占领战略先机,纷纷通过兼并、重组来扩大市场规模,因此在并购过程中的付出成本成为企业管理层不得不重视的问题.论文试图从企业的战略发展角度出发,剖析企业的并购成本,分析成本对企业并购产生的战略效益,针对战略发展的需要提出减少企业并购成本的措施.     

母公司个别财务报表中对子公司投资的会计处理方法之辨:成本法还是权益法?

由于我国现行《长期股权投资》会计准则规定在母公司个别财务报表中采用成本法核算对子公司的长期股权投资(以下简称为对子公司投资),这割裂了母公司个别财务报表与合并财务报表的本原逻辑关联,削弱了两者间的互补性,且导致母公司股东基于母公司个别财务报表来厘定分红权利虽然符合《公司法》却很不合理,而基于合并财务报表来厘定分红权利虽更为合理但和《公司法》存在明显冲突.我们对该问题进行了深入分析,论证了在母公司个别财务报表之中采用权益法来核算其对子公司投资的逻辑合理性和现实必要性,并建议修订我国现行《长期股权投资》会计准则,在母公司个别财务报表之中由成本法改为采用权益法来核算其对子公司投资.     

关于长沙轨道交通造价控制措施的探讨

城市轨道交通是现代城市交通系统的重要组成部分,是城市公共交通系统的骨干。轨道交通建设具有建设规模大、施工周期长、投资额高的特点,我国目前已有43座城市经国家发改委批准建设城市轨道交通,获批项目总投资额高达万亿元,每年投资额超过3500亿元,因此造价控制在轨道交通建设全过程中尤为重要。文章通过收集长沙轨道交通过去8年时间中的造价管理经验,例如聘请专业造价咨询机构、招标透明化、编制统一的管理办法、开展信息化造价管理等,分析在已建成线路的造价措施的控制效果和目前造价控制措施的优势和不足,最后结合我国造价行业近期发展趋势与长沙地区特点,提出了长沙未来轨道交通建设中可以通过全面落实全过程造价管理、引入多元融资模式和规范造价信息化管理等措施优化造价控制措施。     

循环经济视角下企业的成本收益分析

从微观经济学的角度来讲,市场主体都具有自利性,企业应当遵循"成本最低,利润最大"的原则。循环经济则强调最有效地利用资源和保护环境,这样就会在很多方面增加成本。从循环经济视角下对企业的成本收益进行分析,就是要使企业的循环经济生产"有利可图",进而形成促进循环经济发展的自发机制。     

The relationship between product diversity, usage of advanced manufacturing technologies and activity-based costing adoption

This paper examines the associations between product diversity, usage of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) and activity-based costing (ABC) adoption. Theory strongly suggests that product diversity is a major determinant of the demand for ABC systems. To date, the results of empirical research on the relationship between product diversity and ABC adoption have generally been inconclusive, however, suggesting that there either may be no strong relationship, or that methodological issues may have prevented researchers from consistently finding it. Using a dataset of survey responses from 191 Dutch, medium-sized manufacturing firms, this paper re-examines the relationship between product diversity and ABC adoption. Improving upon the measurement of product diversity and distinguishing between ABC adoption and use, it examines whether the relationship is curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) and/or moderated by usage of AMT. The paper contributes to the literature by showing that, consistent with the underlying theory, product diversity, on average, is positively related to both ABC adoption and ABC use, but also that these relationships are indeed inverted U-shaped and that the relationship with ABC use is negatively moderated by usage of AMT.     

Re-examination of the historical equity risk premium in Australia

In light of the ongoing debate over the value of the equity risk premium, its increasing use in the regulatory setting, and the impact of dividend imputation on the premium, this paper presents a timely new look at the historical equity risk premium in Australia, and provides an improved understanding of the historical record. We document concerns about data quality that become increasingly important the further back in time one looks. In particular, there are sufficient question marks over the quality of data prior to 1958 to warrant any estimates based thereon to be treated with caution. Accordingly, we present a new set of estimates of the historical equity risk premium corresponding to periods of increasing data quality but of decreasing sample size. Relative to bonds (bills), the equity premium has averaged 6.3 per cent (6.8 per cent) per annum over 1958–2005, which is a period of relatively good data quality. Together with other results in the paper, the findings reveal a historical estimate that is substantially less than widely cited historical studies would otherwise indicate. We reconcile prior evidence through documenting a dividend adjustment that has typically been overlooked. We also provide estimates that incorporate an adjustment for imputation credits.     

后金融危机环境下复杂产品系统企业成本管理面临的新问题

后金融危机环境使许多复杂产品行业陷入了成本劣势的困局,作为竞争优势的重要来源之一,如果不能形成成本优势,则企业会面临成本劣势的不利局面。订单式生产、在研制过程中涉及多利益主体的利益协调、研制周期长等特性,让成本控制相当困难。企业成本控制工作面临着两个方面的新问题：质量成本问题越来越突出;用户对成本的影响力增强。对上述两个问题的表现、产生原因进行了深入分析,并有针对性地给出了相应对策。     

论高校科研经费的管理

随着我国政府对科技强国战略的进一步强化,高校所承接的科研项目和获得的科研经费均有了较大幅度的增长,科研资金的来源渠道也越来越广,科研经费的核算和管理已成为高校财务管理的重要组成部分。但是,通过调查发现,一些高校在科研项目经费管理中存在不同程度的问题,有些问题甚至明显偏离科研服务社会、服务经济的宗旨。文章从部分高校在使用科研经费过程中存在的问题入手,分析产生问题的原因,并提出了加强科研经费管理的相关对策。     

The temporal variation of cost-efficiency in Switzerland’s hospitals: an application of mixed models

This paper uses a mixed effects model to examine the temporal variation of cost efficiency in Switzerland’s general hospitals. The variations in total costs, the number of empty beds and the length of hospital stays are analyzed using financial data from a sample of 168 hospitals operating from 1998 to 2003, as well as hospitalization records disaggregated to Diagnosis Related Groups. Individual intercepts and random coefficients are used to account for the unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity and the differences in temporal patterns across hospitals and DRG categories. The analysis illustrates the usefulness of mixed models to account for unobserved factors such as quality, with a relatively weak assumption that their temporal variations, rather than their initial levels, be uncorrelated with efficiency changes. The results indicate that hospitals have adopted measures to curtail hospitalizations and reduce empty beds. The extent and effectiveness of these measures vary significantly across individual hospitals. However, there is no evidence in favor of a particular ownership type or subsidization regime. While the link between reduction rates of empty beds and gains in cost-efficiency is statistically significant, the expected association between shortening hospital stays and cost-efficiency cannot be clearly established in the data.