培养基灭菌温度与时间的选择

用湿热灭菌方法对培养基灭菌时,加热的温度和时间对微生物死亡和营养成分的破坏均有作用。由于培养基营养成分的破坏和菌体死亡都属于一级动力学反应,其反应速度常数与温度的关系皆可用阿累尼乌斯方程式表示;由此公式导出,当灭菌温度上升时,微生物杀死速率的提高要超过培养基成分的破坏速率的增加。所以采用高温快速灭菌方法,即可达到杀死培养基中的全部有生命的有机体,又可减少营养成分的破坏。     

The Effectiveness of Branded Mobile Phone Apps

Mobile phone applications (“apps”) have generated substantial interest among marketers, primarily because of their high level of user engagement and the positive impact this presumably has on a user's attitude toward the sponsoring brand. This study utilized a pre-test/post-test experimental design to determine whether using popular mobile phone apps affects brand attitude and brand purchase intention. The results show that using these apps has a positive persuasive impact, increasing interest in the brand and also the brand's product category. The relevance of the product category makes no difference, but apps with an informational/user-centered style were more effective at shifting purchase intention, most likely because this style focuses attention on the user, and therefore encourages making personal connections with the brand. Experiential game-like apps were less successful, because they focus attention on the phone. These results suggest that understanding how to maximize the impact of mobile phone apps will be a key topic for future research.     

Two-part tariffs in the online gaming industry: The role of creative destruction and network externalities

Playing computer games online is a fast growing, billion dollar industry which has received little academic attention. The industry exhibits a number of interesting economic features. The industry structure is determined by creative destruction as in Aghion and Howitt (1992) [Aghion, P., Howitt, P. 1992. A model of growth through creative destruction, Econometrica, 60(2), 323–351], with game makers experiencing market power within a genre until the game is superceded. Furthermore, the attractiveness of playing a game online depends on the existence of opponents (positive network externalities) while technical and reputational problems eventually arise (negative network externalities). We model the choice of two-part tariffs by a monopolist under creative destruction and network externalities and derive conditions for the multiple equilibria which currently exist in the industry.     

基子公司价值毁损的上市公司财务风险管理

上市公司成长的过程中面临着各种风险，这些风险可能最终导致公司价值毁损。本文总结了目前上市公司普遍存在导致公司价值毁损的行为，并封这些行为的原因进行了阐述。鉴于上市公司的财务风险不仅来源于公司自身，还来源于其所处的外部环境，我们提出，上市公司的财务管理目标应力求财务风险可控下的公司价值最大化，上市公司和其利益相关者应共同致力于阻止导致公司价值毁损行为。     

Empirical investigation of the domain knowledge and team advertising creativity typology: The case of Nescafe coffee

This study proposes and tests a typology of domain knowledge and team creativity by empirically assessing the effects of varying levels of domain knowledge on the creative outcomes of the team members. Two separate studies were conducted to address this inquiry. Study one aimed at determining the level of domain knowledge of each team member in the teams. Eleven groups comprising of thirty-three business students designed eleven advertisements for the products of their own choices. Utilizing the situation judgment test and the grade earned in the advertising course, four teams were formed comprising two balanced and two imbalanced domain knowledge teams. To test the hypotheses of the study, these teams were asked to develop a print advertisement for Nescafe for the summer season (Study Two). Upon creativity assessment of the final ads by twenty-six independent creative personnel in a total of seven advertising agencies in Pakistan, the results revealed that a balanced team with low domain knowledge outperformed the other balanced team with high domain knowledge. Further, unexpectedly, one of the imbalanced domain knowledge teams also outperformed the balanced high domain knowledge team. The study in the light of extant literature presents worthwhile implications for academia and practitioners.     

人力资本、创意阶层及其区域空间分布研究

文章首先比较了人力资本与创意阶层的区别和联系,随后分析了我国创意阶层的区域空间分布特征。通过分析得出,我国创意阶层的空间分布差异显著,并且呈现与经济发展水平非一致的特性。为了深入分析创意阶层区域空间分布的原因,文章使用岭回归分析方法,并结合2003—2007年中国30个省际面板数据进行实证研究。研究结果表明,城市文化机会、公共服务能力、高等教育能力、生态设施水平、创意产出水平和高科技指标对我国创意阶层的分布具有显著的影响。最后,文章据此提出相关政策建议。     

如何在计算机教学中培养学生的创新能力

如何培养出创新人才是当今社会的新要求,也是教学研究的重要课题,如何在计算机教学中培养学生的创新能力？转变教师的教育理念是创新教育的前提,营造良好的创新教育环境是培养学生创新能力的关键,激发创新思维是培养学生创新能力的重要手段.     

创意经济条件下企业产品开发模式创新探析

在创意经济条件下，消费者的需求特征发生了重大的改变，它给传统的产品开发模式带来了巨大的挑战。针对这些挑战，提出了适应创意经济时代的创新型企业产品开发模式。     

以具有中国特色的学术成果开展国际学术交流的实践与认识

本文由三个部分组成:第一部分:"学科建设的指导原则"论述了为创建具有中国特色的管理会计新体系,应遵循"以我为主,博采众长,融合提炼,自成一家"的方针,进行学科建设。第二部分:"开展国际学术交流的指导原则"论述了为成功地开展国际学术交流,应坚持自主性与开放性相结合,从严要求,不卑不亢,凸显中国学者优良的气质与风范。第三部分:"二十多年来开展国际学术交流历程的简短回顾"指出其历程可大致细分为:破冰之旅,凸显中国特色,从更深层次上凸显中国特色以及2005年集大成之作。     

Understanding and breaking the rules of business: Toward a systematic four-step process

Knowing the rules of a business is a prerequisite of being successful. On the other hand, carefully and selectively breaking the rules of management is often the way to exceed the low margins of intensively competitive arenas, especially at a time when technological innovation is limited and industries are tending to consolidate. Drawing on their own practical know-how and intensive research into future business models, the authors of this article call for more dialectic in management thinking. Their “rule-breaking strategy creator” process is a combination of tested consulting and venture capital tools, and provides an entirely new approach to systematic rule-breaking and, thus, competitive advantages.