Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture?

As culture is increasingly utilised as a means of social and economic development, the cultural tourism market is being flooded with new attractions, cultural routes and heritage centres. However, many consumers, tired of encountering the serial reproduction of culture in different destinations are searching for alternatives. The rise of skilled consumption, the importance of identity formation and the acquisition of cultural capital in (post)modern society point towards the use of creativity as an alternative to conventional cultural tourism. This paper considers the development of creative spaces, creative spectacles and creative tourism from the perspective of supply and demand. The need for creativity in developing new products and how to address the challenge of serial reproduction are discussed, and examples of creative tourism projects are examined and contrasted to traditional models of cultural tourism.     

开放式创新视角下众创空间创意获取及转化:心客案例

以开放式创新为视角,以中科心客投资有限公司（以下简称“心客”）为研究对象,运用SPS案例研究方法,从众创空间中的创意获取、创意转化以及开放式创新演化过程3个方面进行分析。结果发现：首先,众创空间中的创意获取分为探索、筛选和激活3个阶段;其次,众创空间创意转化过程中,创新驱动经历由投资者向供应商再到企业自身转变;最后,众创空间开放式创新演化过程有3种不同类型,且创新主体经历由“创意集市”到“二房东”再到“创新经纪人”的转变。研究的主要理论贡献在于将开放式创新引入众创空间,并阐明创新主体的角色和作用;管理意义在于总结众创空间发展的成功经验,能够为其它众创空间发展提供借鉴。     

创意越轨行为对创造力的影响:领导反馈调节与创新自我效能感的中介作用

如何正确处理员工未被实施的创意,达到既能激发其创造力,又能使组织资源发挥其最大效能的目的,是领导者关注的重要议题。整合自我决定理论、领导与成员交换关系理论,探究研发团队成员创意越轨行为对其创造力的作用,以及领导反馈行为与个体创新自我效能感交互对两者关系的影响。结果显示：创意越轨行为对个体创造力有显著正向影响;创新自我效能感在创意越轨行为与创造力之间起正向调节效应。领导反馈的3种行为在创意越轨行为与创造力之间的跨层次调节效应有所差异,创新自我效能部分中介领导反馈对两者关系的调节效应。研究结论不仅为个人及领导在创意失败后采取何种应对策略提供了理论依据,而且为营造创意产生的支持氛围提供了新的思维模式。     

UNRAVELING THE PROCESS OF CREATIVE DESTRUCTION: COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS AND INCUMBENT SURVIVAL IN THE TYPESETTER INDUSTRY

When radical technological change transforms an industry established firms sometimes fail drastically and are displaced by new entrants, yet other times survive and prosper. Drawing upon an unusually rich data set that covers the technological and competitive history of the typesetter industry from 1886 to 1990, this paper uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to unravel this process of creative destruction. It argues that the ultimate commercial performance of incumbents vs. new entrants is driven by the balance and interaction of three factors: investment, technical capabilities, and appropriability through specialized complementary assets. In this industry, specialized complementary assets played a crucial role in buffering incumbents from the effects of competence destruction, and an analysis that examined investment or technical capabilities in isolation would have led to misleading results. This work thus highlights the importance of considering multiple perspectives when examining the competitive implications of technological change. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Horseshoes, global supply chains, and an emerging Chinese threat: Creating remedies one idea at a time

The horseshoe shape offers a model from which the complex relationships currently linking most Chinese and United States supply chain partners can be productively visualized. Wielded metaphorically, the horseshoe also illustrates how a momentous global trend may be rising within many Chinese-American supply chains, and why that trend might impose serious threats against United States economic interests for years to come. Because the trend exists independent of almost all domestic firms’ potential responses, only rarely can an associated domestic threat be eliminated within a particular United States/Chinese supply chain. Most United States firms possess a critical capability that could diminish the force of the emerging Chinese threat: the ability to manage and execute key supply chain functions more creatively. As the horseshoe illustrates, many domestic firms may soon be compelled to become more creative. To address this need, a supply chain creativity matrix model is developed in this article. The model demonstrates how domestic supply chain firms can stimulate and identify superior ideas amongst their managerial and subordinate ranks, therefore expanding the firm's creative efficiency in the strategic execution of key supply chain functions. Those firms should be better able to defend themselves against these emerging Chinese threats.     

Spatial disaggregation patterns and structural determinants of job flows: an empirical analysis

The paper investigates the changes in job creation and destruction flows at a very disaggregated level of analysis. We analyse whether job flows at lower levels of spatial aggregation display regularities that are in line with national ones in a bid to disentangle the role of labour market institutions. Using a unique database of the population of firms in Trentino (a north‐eastern province of Italy) from 1991 to 2001, we find that: (1) job flows show a ‘fractal’ tendency, i.e. many regularities appear to be scale invariant (magnitude of flow and persistence) and that job flow magnitude is in line with the average values for Italy; (2) there are some qualifications to their ‘fractality’: the contribution of entrant firms to the job creation process is lower than the corresponding contribution at national level, as is the share of job destruction accounted for by exiting firms; and (3) firm size and age influence job flows.     

城市创意产业园的规划建设及运作机制探讨

创意产业园建设作为促进创意产业发展的有效途径正日益受到城市决策者和研究者的关注.论文首先对创意产业及创意产业园的内涵进行了阐释,在分析目前我国创意产业园发展现状的基础上,探讨了园区宏观和微观层面规划建设过程中应注意的问题,包括园区的区位选择、产业定位、功能设置与布局、创意环境的营造等;并对园区的运作机制进行了初步探讨.     

Seek or destroy? Examining value creation and destruction in behaviour maintenance in social marketing

This article presents an empirical investigation of how behaviour maintenance is supported or hindered through value creation and destruction in social marketing. Using a longitudinal, netnographic approach, we identify and examine the key facilitators and barriers encountered during the maintenance of physical and mental health behaviours. Data were collected over a 12-week observation period via Twitter from a sample of 242 participants. A total of 5212 tweets were analysed using content and thematic analysis facilitated by NVivo software program. The findings identify key barriers to and facilitators of behaviour maintenance at the individual level (downstream), meso level (midstream), and policy level (upstream) that have an influence on value creation and destruction in social marketing. These findings demonstrate the importance of employing a strategic and integrated approach to social change management.     

Why and how do creative thinking techniques work?: Trading off originality and appropriateness to make more creative advertising

The research examines the effects of divergent and convergent creative thinking techniques on creative ideation processes. To analyze these effects an experiment is undertaken on advertising creatives, account executives, and students. Results demonstrate that divergent thinking techniques improve the idea originality of account executives, but not creatives. Alternatively, creatives produce more appropriate ideas by using convergent thinking techniques, yet account executive performance is clearly harmed by them. Few effects are seen on the student control group, who lack both knowledge of techniques and the domain. The findings suggest that creativity techniques are not a one-size-fits-all proposition but need to be tailored to the person and the situation in which they are applied. Implications for researchers and marketing managers are discussed.     

企业能力理论的熊彼特经济学解释

熊彼特经济学的实质在于它所揭示的经济发展中的创造性破坏过程,但由于熊彼特缺少一个企业理论,使得理论存在很多不足。现代企业能力理论的发展为我们研究创造性破坏过程提供了重要的视角。一些研究者已经将两者结合来理解经济动态创新中的各种现象和企业战略问题。文章的目的是在既有研究的基础上做一个综合,并为协调所谓的“青年熊彼特”和“老年熊彼特”之争做一点探讨。