确定建设工程施工投票最终报价的技巧

建设工程施工投标最终报价是投标单位以标书编制的预算坐（标价）为基础，综合考虑各种因素后对预算标价进一步修订的报价，对是否中标将产生直接影响。章介绍了承包商选择工程标段位置和编制投标书的方法，论述了如何根据标工程报价的不同类型，确定工程施工投标最终报价的技巧。     

空调系统智能控制器的研究

介绍了一种用于空调自动控制系统的智能控制器。该智能控制器利用单片机技术 ,实现了对空调自动控制系统的自动监测 ,及时反应空调系统的故障 ;利用数字 PID技术 ,实现了对温度和湿度的优化控制 ,达到快速调温、减小温差和降低能耗的目的     

Reproducibility investigation of elicitation techniques in risk assessment for hydraulic turbines

Abstract

Certain elicitation techniques exert some control on expert opinions by leading them to a consensus or to a specific choice. In the absence of such guidelines, experts rely on their own knowledge to formulate opinions. This can result in large dispersions and affects the decision maker’s judgment. In this situation, we wonder what the relevant elicitation techniques are and how we can help experts to express their knowledge. From literature review, it is hard to decide if elicitation techniques are equivalent or not, which justifies the reproducibility analysis that we carry out in this paper. In this study, multiple experts have been involved in order to predict the defect size in hydraulic turbines, according to four proposed elicitation techniques. The comparison between these techniques was performed based on a suggested algorithm using the area metric concept. Our Findings show that elicitation techniques with ‘support’ tend to limit variations between experts and might be suitable only when prior knowledge on the expected elicited variable is available. Otherwise, we can end up with a distorted opinion of the elicited variable and an erroneous risk assessment.     

A critical 'post' to critical realism

The aim of this paper is to initiate a dialogue between criticalrealism (CR) and what is termed a ‘post'ist perspective’.This amalgamated perspective is composed of relatively recenttransdisciplinary theoretical approaches such as poststructuralism,deconstruction, feminism and postcolonial theory. Such a conversationbetween CR and post'isms within economics has not been attemptedbefore. I shall argue that this uncommon methodological exchangeis worth pursuing, since it allows us to raise important newquestions. After the initial stage-setting, the dialogue proceedsin two parts. In the first part, aspects of CR are evaluatedusing post'ist insights. In the second part, certain underconsideredtheoretical domains in CR are highlighted. I conclude by sketchingthe outline of a possible non-universalist and strategicallyessentialist way of considering knowledge—as a ContextualSocial Political Economy praxis.     

Metatheory as the key to understanding: Schumpeter after Shionoya

In his recent book, Yuichi Shionoya departs from previous Schumpeterianstudies. He sets out to reconstruct Schumpeter's metatheoreticalframework, which he argues is the key to a correct interpretationof his substantive writings. The centrepiece of this projectis the thesis that Schumpeter has a coherent methodologicalposition—instrumentalism—which consistently underpinshis theoretical work. The present paper examines this thesis,and in so doing paves the way for an alternative hypothesison Schumpeter. This hypothesis is based on Tony Lawson's workon the philosophy of economics.     

消失模铸造新工艺介绍及评价

介绍了消失模铸造的优越性、所用原材料、常见缺陷、工艺技术问题 ,并指出了其发展前景。     

Futures beyond dystopia

The speculative imagination is an higher-order human capacity that can productively explore the not-here and the not-yet. To some extent it is already doing so. But these explorations are limited by prevailing cultural assumptions. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that there are other arenas to explore that, were they taken seriously, could exert sufficient symbolic ‘pull' to qualify as desirable images of futures. They could then begin to act as ‘magnets' for the realisation of possibilities that are presently obscured.     

The silence of the Kogi in front of tourists

This article sets out to explain the silent behavior of the indigenous Kogi people of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta when in front of tourists. It was found that silence corresponds to indigenous cosmology, to Kogi behavioral protocol when faced with outsiders, and to a defense strategy in front of tourists. Understanding the interactions between tourists and indigenous peoples has practical implications for designing cultural policies in these territories. The work is original in its use of ethnography in place of quantitative methods for studying the factors that determine the behavior of the residents in front of tourists. Equally it constitutes a contribution to the few studies that exist on silence as a rhetorical strategy in power relations.     

Huntington's disease,critical illness insurance and life insurance

We describe briefly a model of Huntington's disease (HD), a highly penetrant, dominantly inherited, fatal neurological disorder. Although it is a single-gene disorder, mutations are variable in their effects, depending on the number of times that the CAG trinucleotide is repeated in a certain region of the HD gene. The model covers: (a) rates of onset, depending on CAG repeat length as well as age; (b) post-onset rates of mortality; and (c) the distribution of CAG repeat lengths in the population. Using these, we study the critical illness and life insurance markets. We calculate premiums based on genetic test results that disclose the CAG repeat length, or more simply on a family history of HD. These vary widely with age and policy term; some are exceptionally high, but in a large number of cases cover could be offered within normal underwriting limits. We then consider the possible costs of adverse selection, in terms of increased premiums, under various possible moratoria on the use of genetic information, including family history. These are uniformly very small, because of the rarity of HD, but do show that the costs would be much larger in relative terms if family history could not be used in underwriting. We point out some difficulties involved in applying a moratorium that recognises simply a dichotomy between ‘carriers’ and ‘non-carriers’ of any mutation in a gene when these mutations are, in fact, very variable in their effects. These complexities suggest that restrictions on the disclosure, rather than on the use, of genetic information, if it became established as a principle, could deprive insurers of information needed for risk management even if not used in underwriting.     

玉树歇武镇农牧民住房屋面防水施工

青海省玉树藏族自治州称多县歇武镇农牧民住房的屋面为现浇钢筋混凝土面板,板厚为12 cm,由于当地气候以寒冷天气为主,钢筋混凝土屋面板在满足强度要求的情况下防水效果不理想。文章主要介绍了钢筋混凝土屋面的防水施工工艺、质量要求等,通过实践克服和解决了特殊环境下的施工问题。