霍夫斯坦特国家文化模型与世界价值观调查的比较研究

本文通过对世界价值观调查的研究评介,与霍夫斯坦特国家文化模型进行对比,回顾了二十年来运用世界价值观调查进行研究取得的部分成果,对其研究方法作以探索,以期对未来跨文化比较管理的研究起到借鉴作用。     

An investigation of cultural cohesion in a community bank

This study examines the culture of a medium-sized community bank based in the Western United States. The study aims to identify the organization's culture and then measure the level of cultural cohesion that exists three years after a major cultural campaign was launched. The cultural characteristics the organization valued most highly were integrity, willingness to serve the customer and teamwork - all components of the official bank document on culture. Interestingly, the analysis uncovered some significant value differences among different employee groups and also employees and management; differences which can affect firm performance levels. The analysis also revealed that changing the culture in an organization does not necessarily lead to cultural cohesion.     

Employee reactions to voice and choice in the workplace: the influence of culture

The present study investigated the effect of culture on a much-prescribed management practice, that of employee participation in decision making. A survey was conducted among employees from two countries culturally distinct in the dimensions of power distance and individualism, namely Canada and the Philippines. Given eight decision-making scenarios that varied in terms of whether voice and/or choice was given to the employee and in terms of the importance of the outcomes, the respondents were asked about their perceptions of fairness of the procedures and outcomes, satisfaction with the procedures and outcomes, and preference for the decision-making procedures. Results show a highly significant country decision-making mode outcome importance interaction effect, but not in the directions expected. Overall, the Philippine sample registered more positive reactions to participation in decision making, although the Philippines' higher rank in power distance and lower rank in individualism than Canada seem to indicate otherwise. The results, together with a previous study conducted in high power distance-low individualism Mexico, forcefully suggest that employee participation in decision making may be successfully transferred.     

Putting Culture in its Place? A Critical Engagement with Cultural Political Economy

Ngai-Ling Sum and Bob Jessop present Cultural Political Economy (CPE) as a project that seeks to deepen Critical Political Economy (C*PE) through an engagement with the cultural turn. This article critically assesses their success in such an enterprise. It begins by framing CPE within Jessop and Sum’s previous work on the Regulation Approach, in order to show why the former can only be understood as the result of a critical dialogue with the latter. Next, my reconstruction of the main elements of Sum and Jessop’s CPE is presented. After having carefully examined its main assumptions and concepts, I criticise CPE’s main novel element, an ontological cultural turn, due to the culturalist risks it engenders. In order to substantiate and exemplify that theoretical criticism, I review CPE’s application to the analysis of the North Atlantic Financial Crisis. This article concludes by showing the main difficulties that CPE faces as an alternative for deepening C*PE and proposes the Amsterdam School of Transnational Historical Materialism as a more suitable direction in which that initiative could be advanced.     

北京城市办公业发展与城市变化阶段分析

办公业发展作为城市经济转型的组成部分,在北京城市变化中经历了4个阶段:(1)变消费城市为生产城市——办公业萌芽期。新中国成立后至改革开放前,北京城市大力发展工业,变消费城市为生产城市。这一时期由于政治上的原因,外商驻京机构很少;而国内金融、保险、房地产、信息行业基本处于萌芽阶段。因而,该时期无真正意义上的办公业。(2)现代化城市——办公业起步期。改革开放至20世纪80年代中后期,北京向现代化城市迈进,商务管理职能为主体的办公业开始萌芽,城市经济结构发生了变化,第三产业中生产性服务业开始兴起。(3)国际化大都市——办公业起飞期。从20世纪90年代中后期至21世纪早期,北京开始向国际化大都市靠近,相对形成了几个办公区域,如CBD商务办公区域、中关村高科技办公区域、复兴门金融办公区域等。生产性服务业占据主导地位。(4)现代化国际城市-办公业飞速发展期。2008年奥运申办成功后,北京城市发展又处于一个转型期,以公司办公为核心的办公业空间集聚使北京城市发生新的变化。     

构筑开放式博物馆——非物质文化遗产保护的规划方法探讨

非物质文化遗产近年来受到多方面的广泛重视,国家和地方纷纷出台各种法规与规范,但在非物质文化遗产保护层面的探讨则较少.本文通过介绍非物质文化遗产和开放式博物馆的概念,提出了保护文化空间的思想,并指出物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产在空间保护上具有一致性.借鉴国外的保护经验,认为构筑开放式博物馆可以成为非物质文化遗产和物质文化遗产保护最有效的结合点,可以作为一种新的规划技术手段引入到历史地段保护规划之中.最后,对构筑开放式博物馆规划的技术手段进行了探索,提出了一种保护模式.     

Modeling society with statistical mechanics: an application to cultural contact and immigration

We introduce a general modeling framework to predict the outcomes, at the population level, of individual psychology and behavior. The framework prescribes that researchers build a cost function that embodies knowledge of what trait values (opinions, behaviors, etc.) are favored by individual interactions under given social conditions. Predictions at the population level are then drawn using methods from statistical mechanics, a branch of theoretical physics born to link the microscopic and macroscopic behavior of physical systems. We demonstrate our approach building a model of cultural contact between two cultures (e.g., immigration), showing that it is possible to make predictions about how contact changes the two cultures.     

国外新兴产业生命周期理论研究述评与展望

近年来,新兴产业实践的纵深发展不仅丰富了产业生命周期理论的研究内容,而且对其经典理论提出了挑战。首先系统归纳了新兴产业生命周期各阶段理论研究的特点,指出准确判断新兴产业所处具体阶段越来越困难。然后,总结了新兴产业生命周期理论区别于传统产业的特征,并以复杂产品系统和文化产业为例分析了经典产业生命周期理论应用的例外情形。在此基础上,提出要加强包括复杂产品系统和文化产业等在内的新兴产业生命周期模型的系统研究,并且需要来自更多国家、更广泛产业数据的实证检验。     

Cultural distance and international trade in services: A disaggregate view

In this paper, we estimate the effect of “cultural distance” on bilateral trade in services. The measure of cultural distance we use is based on scores that reflect country averages of individuals’ attitudes towards inequality, self-orientation, competition, uncertainty, traditions, and indulgence. Controlling for standard ingredients of gravity equations, we show that an aggregate measure of cultural distance has a significantly negative effect on total bilateral services trade. Once we take a more disaggregate view, we find that the strength of this effect differs across various types of services and various aspects of cultural distance.     

传统产业集群企业区域价值链市场势力塑造路径

本文对传统产业集群企业如何塑造区域价值链(RVC)市场势力的路径和方法进行研究,以中国南珠产业集群企业为案例,归纳、总结出传统产业集群企业在RVC市场势力塑造过程中的企业家才能和战略定位、文化认同的具体特征,析取概念并建立了“企业家才能”和“文化认同”双重作用的RVC市场势力塑造和突破攻略的理论框架。研究发现,企业家才能通过战略定位实现对传统产业集群企业的RVC市场势力塑造,通过文化认同实现对市场的控制,而在此过程中技术和市场双重控制是常规手段。在数字化条件下,利用数字手段和社会资本,与全球市场建立联结也是传统产业集群企业的一大特色。“企业家才能”和“文化认同”策略是传统产业集群企业获取RVC市场势力并成功充当国际主导企业的关键因素,发展中国家的企业可立足以文化认同为基础的RVC市场势力塑造与传递机制来驱动价值链延伸。