公司治理、债务约束与自由现金流过度投资——基于发电行业上市公司的实证研究

本文以沪深股市的电力上市公司为样本,从公司治理、债务约束机制和自由现金流量相互关系的角度实证分析了电力上市公司的过度投资行为。探讨了公司治理结构、制度环境和债务在抑制过度投资中的作用。研究结论表明：（1）我国电力上市公司存在过度投资行为,但和自由现金流的关联度并不显著;（2）公司治理特征变量与自由现金流量的过度投资行为存在显著负相关关系;（3）债务约束效应在发电行业并没有发挥应有的作用,本文从制度的角度对这一现象进行了解释。     

庚子赔款的债务化偿付及其影响

庚子赔款是中国近代史上最大一笔赔款,也是以长期债务形式体现的赔款。本文对庚子赔款的债务化偿付安排、利率水平、支付流程及经济影响等进行比较分析。发现:(1)庚子赔款本金4.5亿两,是清政府 1903 年财政收入的 4.33倍,但通过债务化偿付,每年支付赔款占财政收入比重逐步下降;(2)按购买力折算,庚子赔款本金约占1900年中国GDP的2.1%;(3)与当时主要国家长期债务利率相比,庚子赔款4%的利率属于中等水平;(4)将庚子赔款与德国“一战”赔款进行比较,发现赔款本金和占经济总量比重,中国低于德国,但中国每年支付赔款的财政压力高于德国;(5)庚子赔款偿付对近代中国的财税金融产生深刻影响,外籍海关税务司借机成为独立于中国政府的“第二财政”,外商银行藉此强化其“隐性中央银行” 地位,赔款还催生了货币流通的“新周期” 和“新危机”。总体上,赔款的债务化偿付安排不仅受政治外交形势主导,也与金融机构特别是银行跨国经营存在密切联系。赔款的经济影响不仅取决于偿付总量,也取决于经济治理能力和财税金融制度。国家财税金融制度落后,则受到冲击较大。     

Moral hazard,debt overhang and capital structure

This paper investigates the impact of managerial moral hazard on the debt overhang of a firm by constructing a contingent claims model in which the manager faces costly effort. Using a calibrated capital structure model, we show that the costs of debt overhang become more serious in the presence of managerial moral hazard. Such costs even account for more than half of the total agency costs at a high level of cash flow. Moreover, in contrast to the results of Hackbarth and Mauer (2012), our model predicts a U-shaped relationship between the leverage ratio and investment opportunities of a firm, which is caused by managers’ moral hazard. Finally, by considering this moral hazard, we also show the coexistence of low leverage ratios and high credit spreads, which explains the phenomenon of “low debt levels and high credit spreads” observed in practice.     

外债管理的国际经验与启示

本文研究了发达经济体（美、欧、澳、韩）和发展中经济体（俄、印）的外债发展历史和外债管理实践，并基于外债管理的国际经验提供可行性建议，旨在为加快推进我国的外债管理体制改革提供有益借鉴。     

Is the Euro-zone on the Mend? Latin American examples to analyze the Euro question

Several European countries face challenges reminiscent of those faced by the emerging economies of Latin America. The economic booms in some peripheral Euro-zone countries financed by large capital inflows; the credit and asset price booms and then the busts including Sudden Stops in capital flows; the strong interaction between sovereign debt and domestic banking systems; the role of foreign banks and contagion; and all in the context of a fixed exchange rate, are familiar plotlines for Latin American audiences. For those Euro-zone countries that built up large Euro-denominated external liabilities, Latin America’s experience is particularly relevant and worrisome. Still, Europe may be in a better position to navigate a path out of the crisis given cooperative mechanisms that were absent in Latin America, particularly the availability of massive liquidity support. Nonetheless, while such support buys time, it does not guarantee success. This paper argues that reflecting on Latin America’s experience provides useful lessons for Europe to improve the chances for a successful resolution.     

The euro and developing country finance: A survey

More than eight years after the introduction of the euro, impacts on developing countries have been relatively modest. Overall, the euro has become much more important in debt issuance than in official foreign exchange reserve holdings. The former has benefited from the creation of a large set of investors for which the euro is the home currency, while demand for euro reserves has been held back by the dominance of the dollar as a vehicle and intervention currency, and the greater liquidity of the market for US treasury securities. Fears of further dollar decline may fuel some shifts out of dollars into euros, however, with the potential for a period of financial instability.     

负债代理成本影响因素实证分析——来自我国上市公司的证据

本文以我国上市公司面板数据及横截面数据为基础,运用线性回归分析对影响公司负债代理成本的因素进行了实证检验。结果发现,负债代理成本与债务期限结构、公司规模、财务灵活性及盈利能力的变化显著负相关;与公司未来成长性、资产期限、负债规模的变化显著正相关。     

银行跨境风险参与中的法律问题

境内外银行间跨境风险参与实为跨境债权转让。根据我国现行法律规定,未通知债务人的债权转让仍为有效。银行跨境风险参与规避了我国现行的外债管制政策,影响我国宏观外债数据的真实性、准确性,弱化了外债管理的有效性,亟需填补相关法律漏洞,对其予以有效规范。     

新旧所得税会计准则的比较

在新的《企业会计准则第18号——所得税》颁布前,我国没有所得税会计准则,只有《企业所得税会计处理的暂行规定》和《企业会计准则——所得税会计(征求意见稿)》,企业主要按照2001年颁布的《企业会计制度》的有关规定执行。本文在对新旧所得税会计准则立法角度、相关内容的比较分析后,举例说明资产负债表债务法下所得税的具体处理办法。