企业多元化发展的风险规避模型研究

文章从企业多元化发展所依赖的资源要素角度,对企业多元化发展过程中存在的各种风险进行分析,并对各种风险的规避方法和工具进行分析、总结,在此基础上建立了企业多元化发展风险规避战略模型和应用模型,以期为企业成功实施多元化发展战略提供参考。     

多元化经营与现金持有水平——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

本文采用2007～2009年446家A股制造业上市公司的平衡面板数据,基于静态权衡理论,利用两个维度的多元化经营指标分析了中国制造业上市公司多元化经营对现金持有水平的影响。研究结果显示,多元化与专业化上市公司的现金持有水平存在显著差异,多元化经营的上市公司现金持有水平更低,而且多元化经营水平越高的上市公司现金持有水平越低。     

Visualising defence and war in economic history journals (1989–2018)

ABSTRACT

Economics usually takes for granted a peaceful world with peaceful market transactions, where war and conflict are anomalies to the current state of business life. However, as History shows violence is a pervasive phenomenon. How is the current state of the art of research on war and defence in economic history journals? This paper provides an overview of research published on this topic by a selection of economic history journals since the fall of Berlin wall. By means of bibliometric and cluster analysis, and using visualising analytical tools, we show the production, main topics, authors, sources, etc. on this research area, and compare with the treatment received in economic journals. The main findings are that publications in economic history journals have increased in the last decades; cover a list of themes broader than that in economic journals; give an increasing importance to quantitative techniques; cite sources from the same area as well as from the top economic journals; and show a relative lack of appeal to neighbouring disciplines. Although economics and economic history influence each other, the direction of the scientific knowledge is going mostly from economics towards economic history rather than the opposite.     

我国企业专业化与多元化经营战略的选择

进行专业化经营还是多元化经营是企业经营战略选择的重要方面。本文针对我国企业经营战略选择中存在的主要问题及现状,提出具体对策。笔者以为,以专业化发展为基础,围绕核心竞争力实施低度相关的多元化经营,是当前我国企业经营战略的模式选择。     

The evolution of corporate entrepreneurship in Swedish industry—was Schumpeter wrong?

This paper analyzes the evolution and role of corporate entrepreneurship in Swedish industry, particularly for the 1945–1980 period, based on data on the 100 economically most important innovations during this period. Privately owned large corporations (Schumpeter Mark II) dominated in launching innovations in almost all industrial sectors and in all subperiods but decreasingly so. 20% of the innovations were launched by new firms (Schumpeter Mark I) but most of these new firms were spun-off and/or acquired by large corporations. State entrepreneurship was marginal. Universities played an important role, although sector-specific. New firms and existing firms had similar growth rates and almost identical and short gestation times to international markets for their innovations. 80% of the corporate innovations were product renewals rather than product diversifications or process innovations. No evidence of an evolution from autonomous over corporate to state entrepreneurship, as hypothesized by Schumpeter, was found. Evolution of a dynamic coexistence of. these forms of entrepreneurship is hypothesized in this paper. The paper finally presents a model, synthesizing Schumpeter Mark I and II, for analyzing technological change and entrepreneurship.     

IMAGES OF AN UNFOLDING DIVERSIFICATION PROJECT

This article studies a diversification-project in a medium-sized company from a cognitive perspective. Using a set of cognitive mapping techniques, it focuses on the images which the managers in this company have of the evolving diversification project in which they are involved. At the same time, it seeks to explore the organizational learning processes that arise during diversifying. It is suggested that a strict division of activities during the course of a diversification project may hamper organizational learning, as it excludes the possibility for acquiring shared experiences and thus of creating a common frame of reference. Consequently, it is argued that organizational learning during a diversification process may benefit from the active involvement (to some extent) of the various parties in each other’s activities.     

Diversification, the Resource View and Productivity: Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Firms

The present paper presents a test ofthe resource view of diversification which focuses onthe relationship between the directions ofdiversification strategies and a measure of totalfactor productivity. The results are supportive of theresource theory in that firms which pursue verticalintegration strategies and/or operate in a set ofactivities which share similar research anddevelopment and advertising intensities reach higherproductivity levels. After having checked for the directions of diversification, the degree ofdiversification is not significantly related toproductivity. This suggests that the simple inclusionof variables controlling for the extent ofdiversification might not be sufficient in order tostudy the effects resulting from diversification strategies.     

Is there a future for small farms in developed countries? Evidence from the French case

This research aims to identify the specific characteristics of small farms in developed countries and the factors that influence their survival and growth. Using the case of France, we employ statistical and econometric analysis of data from the Farm Structure Survey (N = 70,000) for the period 2000–2007. The principal findings suggest that small farms are no more likely than other farms to employ “alternative” strategies to the predominant model of increasing farm size, nor are they more likely to diversify on‐farm activities or operate under quality‐labeled production systems, with the notable exception of organic agriculture. However, where small farms do adopt or practice these activities, they are seen to have a favorable effect in ensuring their survival and growth. In contrast, we are unable to conclude that pluriactivity of farm households has a positive impact on the survival of small enterprises. The effect of geographical location on small farms is largely expressed in their concentration in mountainous or disadvantaged regions. Overall, the trajectory of small farms is marked by farm exit, principally as the result of farmers retiring at the end of their careers. The small farm sector is also revitalized by both larger farms declining and thus being reclassified as small farms, as well as the progressive entry into agriculture of small farm holders whose income was previously derived largely off‐farm.     

基于价值多元化理念的多重计量模式初探

本文认为,会计计量是对计量客体——事物的价值属性进行货币衡量。价值的内涵在不同视角下意义不同,因此单一会计计量模式不能全面反映事物的价值。由于会计计量过程受多种因素的制约,不同计量条件或假设导致计量结果不同,符合客观性和相关性的会计计量意味着以公允的态度连接计量客体特性、计量过程和计量目的。多重计量就是基于价值的多元化特征而采用多种计量属性来提供会计报表要素的量化信息,满足会计信息使用者多样化的需求。     

创业型企业的多元化扩张:基于企业家能力的解释

从企业家能力角度,对创业型企业的多元化扩张现象进行了理论探讨,并基于205家企业数据进行统计检验。结果表明:企业家能力越高,就越有动机采取多元化战略,甚至是非相关多元化战略;企业家能力越高,则企业绩效越高;有限多元化有助于企业赢利水平的改进,而相关多元化与非相关多元化则阻碍了企业的成长;拥有高企业家能力的企业,如果采取相关多元化战略,则会显著改进公司的绩效,但如果这些企业进入到非相关业务领域,则无法显著促进企业的成长。我们的研究表明,从企业家能力角度探讨创业型企业的多元化扩张是一个很有意义的研究方向。