东北地区产业结构对区域经济韧性的空间溢出效应研究

产业结构多样化与专业化之争是经济学中的一个长期热门话题,区域经济韧性概念为区域发展产业结构多样化抑或是专业化提供了一个全新研究视角。近年来,经济遭受2008年金融危机、第四次产业革命兴起等外部冲击后,长期处于下行态势。基于2009-2018年东北地区34个地级以上城市面板数据,采用空间杜宾模型,探究产业多样化与产业专业化对区域经济韧性的影响。结果发现：产业结构多样化对本市经济韧性起到提升作用,但会降低邻近城市的经济韧性;产业结构专业化对本市和邻近城市经济韧性起到提升作用,能够更好地发挥自身竞争优势,优化资源配置,形成规模效应。     

From sure to strong diversification

This paper presents a characterization of weak risk aversion in terms of preference for sure diversification. Similarly, we show that strong risk aversion can be characterized by weakening preference for diversification,as introduced by Dekel (Econometrica 57:163,1989), in what we call preference for strong diversification. We are grateful to Jean-Yves Jaffray, Peter Wakker and anonymous reference for very helpful suggestions and comments.     

创业型企业的多元化扩张:基于企业家能力的解释

从企业家能力角度,对创业型企业的多元化扩张现象进行了理论探讨,并基于205家企业数据进行统计检验。结果表明:企业家能力越高,就越有动机采取多元化战略,甚至是非相关多元化战略;企业家能力越高,则企业绩效越高;有限多元化有助于企业赢利水平的改进,而相关多元化与非相关多元化则阻碍了企业的成长;拥有高企业家能力的企业,如果采取相关多元化战略,则会显著改进公司的绩效,但如果这些企业进入到非相关业务领域,则无法显著促进企业的成长。我们的研究表明,从企业家能力角度探讨创业型企业的多元化扩张是一个很有意义的研究方向。     

Is there a future for small farms in developed countries? Evidence from the French case

This research aims to identify the specific characteristics of small farms in developed countries and the factors that influence their survival and growth. Using the case of France, we employ statistical and econometric analysis of data from the Farm Structure Survey (N = 70,000) for the period 2000–2007. The principal findings suggest that small farms are no more likely than other farms to employ “alternative” strategies to the predominant model of increasing farm size, nor are they more likely to diversify on‐farm activities or operate under quality‐labeled production systems, with the notable exception of organic agriculture. However, where small farms do adopt or practice these activities, they are seen to have a favorable effect in ensuring their survival and growth. In contrast, we are unable to conclude that pluriactivity of farm households has a positive impact on the survival of small enterprises. The effect of geographical location on small farms is largely expressed in their concentration in mountainous or disadvantaged regions. Overall, the trajectory of small farms is marked by farm exit, principally as the result of farmers retiring at the end of their careers. The small farm sector is also revitalized by both larger farms declining and thus being reclassified as small farms, as well as the progressive entry into agriculture of small farm holders whose income was previously derived largely off‐farm.     

Visualising defence and war in economic history journals (1989–2018)

ABSTRACT

Economics usually takes for granted a peaceful world with peaceful market transactions, where war and conflict are anomalies to the current state of business life. However, as History shows violence is a pervasive phenomenon. How is the current state of the art of research on war and defence in economic history journals? This paper provides an overview of research published on this topic by a selection of economic history journals since the fall of Berlin wall. By means of bibliometric and cluster analysis, and using visualising analytical tools, we show the production, main topics, authors, sources, etc. on this research area, and compare with the treatment received in economic journals. The main findings are that publications in economic history journals have increased in the last decades; cover a list of themes broader than that in economic journals; give an increasing importance to quantitative techniques; cite sources from the same area as well as from the top economic journals; and show a relative lack of appeal to neighbouring disciplines. Although economics and economic history influence each other, the direction of the scientific knowledge is going mostly from economics towards economic history rather than the opposite.     

企业多元化业务的选择评估模型及实例应用

本文分析了影响企业多元化的因素,并在此基础上建立了企业多元化业务选择和评估模型,并对模型的应用进行了分析和探讨。在文章最后给出了一个利用该模型进行业务选择和评估的示例。     

我国民间金融发展中存在的问题及对策建议

民间金融是指个人、家庭、企业之间通过绕开官方正式的金融体系而直接进行的、尚未纳入政府监管范围的、未取得合法地位的金融交易活动。民间金融在支持民营经济发展,促进农村经济发展中发挥了积极作用,但在其发展过程中还存在着一些问题。本文分析了我国民间金融存在的问题,并提出了对策建议。     

Bankruptcy risk,firm-specific managerial human capital,and diversification

This paper proposes a model in which firm diversification acts as an efficient form of nonpecuniary compensation for the manager. In the model diversification rewards the manager by reducing the likelihood of bankruptcy which in turn increases the expected value of his firm-specific human capital. Unlike the principal-agent model of diversification, this model shows that diversification may be optimal even if the manager is risk neutral and his behavior can be observed by firm owners.I thank Nasser Arshadi, Susan Feigenbaum, David Hakes, Thomas Ireland, Roger Sherman, and Robert Sorensen for their comments and suggestions.     

网络关系强度、技术多元化与企业产品创新战略

在模块化创新网络中,核心企业通过界面规则重组知识模块,分别与模块供应商、系统集成商在纵向和横向上进行知识整合以实现技术创新。以2001-2014年中国汽车产业108家整车制造企业为研究样本,探讨模块化创新网络关系强度对企业渐进式产品创新和突破式产品创新的影响,并分析技术多元化的调节作用。结果发现：模块供应商关系强度越大越有利于渐进式产品创新;系统集成商关系强度越大越有利于突破式产品创新;技术多元化减弱了模块供应商关系强度对渐进式产品创新的促进作用,但增强了系统集成商关系强度对突破式产品创新的促进作用。     

Particle swarm optimization: A study of particle displacement for solving continuous and combinatorial optimization problems

This article addresses the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. It is a recent proposed algorithm by Kennedy and Eberhart [1995. Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (Perth, Australia), vol. IV, IEEE Service Center, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 1942–1948]. This optimization method is motivated by social behaviour of organisms such as bird flocking and fish schooling. PSO algorithm is not only a tool for optimization, but also a tool for representing socio-cognition of human and artificial agents, based on principles of social behaviour. Some scientists suggest that knowledge is optimized by social interaction and thinking is not only private but also interpersonal. PSO as an optimization tool, provides a population-based search procedure in which individuals called particles change their position (state) with time. In a PSO system, particles fly in a multidimensional search space. During flight, each particle adjusts its position according to its own experience, and according to the experience of neighbours, making use of the best position encountered by itself and its neighbours. In this paper, we propose firstly, an extension of the PSO system that integrates a new displacement of the particles (the balance between the intensification process and the diversification process) and we highlight a relation between the coefficients of update of each dimension velocity between the classical PSO algorithm and the extension. Secondly, we propose an adaptation of this extension of PSO algorithm to solve combinatorial optimization problem with precedence constraints in general and resource-constrained project scheduling problem in particular. The numerical experiments are done on the main continuous functions and on the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) instances provided by the psplib. The results obtained are encouraging and push us into accepting than both PSO algorithm and extensions proposed based on the new particles displacement are a promising direction for research.