Is money where the fun ends? Material interests and individuals’ preference for direct democracy

Are people’s attitudes towards referendums as a decision-making procedure predominantly driven by their material self-interest, or do individuals also value direct democracy as such, regardless of the material payoffs associated with anticipated policy outcomes? To answer this question, we use a survey data set that offers information on respondents’ support for referendums as a procedure to decide on tax policy, their income levels, socio-economic characteristics, and, most importantly, their expectation about the majority’s support for higher taxes. We find that the support of low-income individuals for referendums increases substantially if they expect a clear population majority in favor of more redistribution. Conversely, individuals with a high income who expect a majority in favor of higher taxes do not reject referendums more strongly than individuals with an average income who share these expectations.     

中国银行业的外国直接投资:意义及挑战

上世纪90年代,全世界新兴市场国家的银行业出现了外国直接投资迅速增加的现象,这些外国直接投资相应给这些国家的银行体系带来了深远的影响。作为世界银行业全球化发展的组成部分,从2003年开始,中国银行业证明了一个史无前例的新现象—大量的FDI涌入中国银行业,购买股份抢占中国银行业市场。本文试图描述银行FDI在中国的现状,并探索背后的主要原因,包括监管规则的改变、经济的稳健增长、银行业的发展和持续的非金融FDI。银行在公司治理、风险管理、内部控制和人力资源管理等方面出现初步但富有帮助的变化。整个银行体系也发生了变化,包括行业形象得到改善、信用文化得到培养、透明度得到加强、创新得到发展、效率得到提高。然而,对于整个银行体系和经济的有意义的影响目前还没有出现。尽管通过吸引国外有经验的合格战略投资者引进了国际先进的管理惯例,对于中国的银行来说,仍然需要很长时间来全面改革自己的信贷文化和不清晰透明的行为。而且,随着中国的全面开放,前面将会有很多艰巨的挑战,因此,作为一个新兴经济体,一定要有远大视野,全面理解银行业中FDI的长期重要角色,创造外国战略合作伙伴发挥其积极作用的必要条件,督促其提供服务的步骤,以及中国银行系统在全球银行价值链中的正确地位。     

国际对冲基金监管制度比较研究与启示

对冲基金近年发展迅猛,各国根据本国国情初步建立了监管制度。本文认为应从改进治理结构、强化自律监管,加强市场约束、提高透明度等方面,沿运营流程和主要运营当事人两条线索完善对冲基金现有监管法律制度。在金融市场全面开放背景下,我国应在放开私募管制基础上根据市场和金融产品发展进程推进对冲基金逐步合法化。     

税收优惠政策对吸引外国直接投资的作用初探

一直以来,税收理论界对于税收优惠政策的实际经济效应和其吸引外国直接投资(FDI)的有效性始终都存有争议.本文分析了税收优惠政策的有效性以及各种税收优惠手段的实施效果,为我国适当运用税收优惠政策吸引FDI提出了相关建议.     

“一带一路”沿线国家投资便利化:水平、挑战与对策--基于熵值法的测度分析

"一带一路"沿线国家市场需求和发展潜力巨大,提升其投资便利化水平对于我国扩大对沿线国家直接投资规模和提升投资质量意义重大。本文基于沿线国家的特点,选取基础设施、制度环境、金融市场、劳动力市场4项一级指标和20项二级指标系统地构建投资便利化水平测度体系,并运用熵值法测度"一带一路"沿线国家2014年-2018年的投资便利化水平,发现沿线国家投资便利化水平呈逐年上升态势,但差异大,区域不平衡性显著,且投资便利化水平与经济发达程度呈正相关关系。在此基础上,结合当前中国对沿线国家开展直接投资所面临的挑战,提出中国与沿线各国应加强合作,共同推进基础设施建设,维护透明高效的制度环境,深化双边金融合作,积极发展本国劳动力市场等对策建议。     

中国装备制造业产业结构调整中外资修复作用的实证研究

在构建外资和产业结构偏离度模型的基础上,采用动态GMM估计方法分析外资对中国装备制造业产业结构调整的修复作用。结果表明,外资对中国装备制造业整体上具有短期和长期修复失调的作用;外资对中国装备制造业内部结构效应存在异质性。政府在制定外资引进政策时,应该考虑行业的人力资本禀赋因素,将其引进人力资本较高的资本密集型装备制造业,充分发挥外资对产业结构失调修复结构效应和要素间的耦合作用。     

制造业产业集聚如何影响生态环境

以产业集聚外部性效应为视角,利用2010-2016年天津市南港工业园、逸仙科学工业园、现代产业园与微电子工业园4个制造业产业园区面板数据,实证分析产业集聚与生态环境的双重效应关系,揭示其内在作用机制。结果表明：制造业产业集聚对生态环境存在正负两种外部性效应,具体作用取决于绿色技术创新与外商直接投资两个中介变量。当产业集聚水平较低时,绿色技术创新在制造业产业集聚对生态环境的影响关系中作用不明显。外商直接投资在制造业产业集聚与生态环境关系中起中介作用,即制造业产业集聚会加大外商直接投资规模,对生态环境产生消极影响;当产业集聚水平较高时,绿色技术创新在制造业产业集聚与生态环境的关系中起中介作用,即制造业产业集聚提高了绿色技术创新水平,对生态环境具有积极影响。外商直接投资在制造业产业集聚与生态环境关系中的作用不显著。     

Foreign Direct Investment in China: Determinants and Effects

This paper attempts to assess the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China and its effects on the whole economy. After presenting the main theoretical contributions and the previous works done about China’s inward-FDI, an empirical study has been implemented extending the previous ones with a different data set (more recent) and with different methodologies. The traditional determinants of FDI seem to be relevant for China: domestic market size, cost advantages and openness to the rest of the world. Concerning the consequences of FDI on the Chinese economy, our empirical evidence supports the view that FDI affects China’s growth through the diffusion of ideas. Through the introduction of new ideas, multinational firms develop technical progress and hence long-run economic growth. The transmission of ideas seems to have had a positive effect on the Chinese growth. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The core of the inductive limit of a direct system of economies with a communication structure

This paper studies direct systems of finite, that is with finitely many agents, communication structures, finite (balanced and superadditive) NTU games and finite economies. The inductive limit of such a system is again a communication structure, an NTU game or an economy, this time possibly with infinitely many agents. As a matter of fact, each infinite communication structure, each infinite NTU game and each infinite economy, is the inductive limit of a direct system of finite communication structures, finite NTU games and finite economies. A communication game is an NTU game with a communication structure on the set of players. To each economy, there corresponds a balanced and superadditive NTU game. To each economy with a communication structure on the set of agents, there corresponds a communication game. In the paper it is proved that the core of the inductive limit of a direct system of communication games is not empty and in fact the intersection of the cores of the finite communication games of the direct system. It follows that each infinite economy (with or without a communication structure on the set of agents) has a nonempty core. A direct system of economies is a generalisation of the Debreu and Scarf [Debreu, G., Scarf, H. A limit theorem on the core of an economy, International Economic Review 4, pp. 235–246.] example of `replica economies'. The proof of the nonemptiness of the core of the inductive limit of a direct system of economies is along the lines of the proof by Debreu and Scarf. As by-product it is shown that an NTU game is totally balanced if and only if all its finite subgames are balanced.     

基于软件无线电的中频数字化直扩系统的设计与实现

本文根据直接序列扩频原理,给出了一种基于软件无线电思想的中频数字化直扩系统的设计方案,并采用可编程数字器件实现。实验结果表明该方法达到了设计要求,并具有良好的通用性和灵活性。