论美国《公司法》中的经营判断规则

现代公司是资产所有权与经营权二权分离的产物,其经营治理是精英即董事之治。如何在保障股东权益而课于董事在公司经营中必要之义务的同时给予董事在经营中必要的灵活权衡,是公司法的一个大课题。在这方面,美国公司法走得比别的国家远。美国公司法要求董事在公司经营中要承担忠实义务和注意义务,同时为董事提供了经营判断规则,以保障其在尽了必要义务时不因经营失误受到股东攻击和法律非难。我国是市场经济国家,在公司立法方面有必要引入经营判断规则。     

关于宜居城市的几个基本问题

建设什么样的城市，怎样建设城市是当前我国城市化进程中亟待解决的问题。宜居城市是由自然物质环境和社会人文环境相互交织、融合形成的一个复杂巨系统。倡导以人为本的科学发展观，建设宜居城市应当成为中国城市建设的方向之一。基于宜居城市发展演变的一般规律，宜居城市的判别标准理应包括经济发展度、社会和谐度、文化丰厚度、居住舒适度、景观怡人度、公共安全度等多项指标。     

基于模糊数学方法的物流企业绩效综合评价研究

物流企业的绩效评价体系的建立要遵循全面系统、科学合理的原则,同时还必须将定性与定量有机结合起来。从经济绩效、运营绩效、服务绩效和成长绩效四方面构建了物流绩效体系,同时运用模糊评价方法对企业的绩效水平进行了综合评价。     

信用社审计思维与高风险点判断

商业银行审计主要目的是控制风险,同时审计过程也是检查与被检查主体之间的一个博弈,所以如何去判断风险是信用社审计的关键。本文对信用社审计中可能出现的各类风险点和主要的审计思维模式进行了总结分析,以期对审计工作起到借鉴作用。     

Perceived trade-off between education and sports career: evidence from professional football

To explore the attitudes towards risky career choices of young people in highly competitive environments, we surveyed almost 1000 football players in the youth academies of German professional clubs (Bundesliga), who must generally decide early in their careers whether or not to risk quitting school to focus solely on a professional football career. Based on the survey responses, we empirically analysed which factors influence these youths’ tendencies to choose a high-risk career option over a lower risk one. Our results seem to indicate that such risk taking in competitive environments can be explained by potential benefits expected from this decision, as well as judgments about the likelihood of achieving the desired career. Risk attitudes towards career choices vary by differences in individuals’ estimates of the potential benefits and in particular, in their own assessments of the likelihood of success, which is an important driver of risk acceptance. We also found that opportunity cost considerations influence risk acceptance: the better the low-risk option, the less willing the individual to give it up for a high-risk alternative. In addition, both national origin and level of cultural integration play a role in attitudes towards risky career choices, with reductions in the latter increasing the risk premium of quitting school.     

对新准则下会计职业判断的思考

新会计准则的颁布和实施,增加了会计人员的职业判断范围和难度,会计职业判断能力的高低直接影响到会计信息质量。如何正确实施会计职业判断,防范利用会计职业判断扭曲会计信息成为目前急需解决的问题。     

基于层次分析法的信息系统安全评价研究

利用层次分析法(AHP)的原理与方法,提出了信息系统安全评价指标体系,建立综合分析评价模型,采用向量范数法对判断矩阵进行优化。描述了信息系统安全评价的方法和流程,计算出评价指标的综合权重。通过实例说明这一模型能对信息系统安全等级进行综合评价。     

刍议民事案件缺席审判之规范——从程序与实体的维度出发

民事案件缺席审判是弥补一方缺席而导致的非常态化审理模式的有益补充。缺席审判的功能在于保障审判权正常行使,实现诉讼制度所追求的公正与效益两大价值内核。现阶段,缺席审判遭遇诸多困境,制约了缺席审判制度功效之发挥。实践中,需进一步规范民事案件缺席审判,从程序与实体方面人手,确保缺席审判的正当性、公正性、高效性,实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。     

Emotion,affect, and risk communication with older adults: challenges and opportunities

Recent research suggests that emotion, affect, and cognition play important roles in risk perception and that their roles in judgment and decision‐making processes may change over the lifespan. This paper discusses how emotion and affect might help or hinder risk communication with older adults. Currently, there are few guidelines for developing effective risk messages for the world's aging population, despite the array of complex risk decisions that come with increasing age and the importance of maintaining good decision making in later life. Age‐related declines in cognitive abilities such as memory and processing speed, increased reliance on automatic processes, and adaptive motivational shifts toward focusing more on affective (especially positive) information mean that older and younger adults may respond differently to risk messages. Implications for specific risk information formats (probabilities, frequencies, visual displays, and narratives) are discussed and directions for future research are highlighted.     

地面动态环境下驾驶员空间距离判识对车险定价的研究

驾驶人的因素对机动车辆保险定价的影响具有显著性,因为人的因素在车辆运行安全中具有很重要的作用,其中空间距离判识人的因素没有考虑到,由于驾驶员的风险主观性很强,往往被保险公司在进行车险定价时难以鉴定。将驾驶员空间距离判识引入到车险定价的费率因子体系中,利用AHP层次分析法,建立驾驶员空间距离判识评分体系,可以给出驾驶员空间距离判识的费率调整系数。