Why is trait scepticism not consistently reflected in state scepticism? An exploratory study into the role of aesthetic engagement

Where an auditor's sceptical disposition (trait scepticism) is directed toward non-diagnostic information, there is a risk that a sceptical consideration of diagnostic information could be diluted. This may be one reason why trait scepticism is not consistently reflected in sceptical judgments and actions (state scepticism). We develop a scale to measure an individual's predisposition toward engaging with visual elements of the environment (aesthetic engagement) and test, in two experiments employing students and practicing auditors, whether aesthetic engagement moderates the trait – state scepticism relationship. We find that aesthetic engagement attenuates the positive relationship between trait and state scepticism.     

Accuracy of German federal election forecasts, 2013 & 2017

The present study reviews the accuracy of four methods (polls, prediction markets, expert judgment, and quantitative models) for forecasting the two German federal elections in 2013 and 2017. On average across both elections, polls and prediction markets were most accurate, while experts and quantitative models were least accurate. However, the accuracy of individual forecasts did not correlate across elections. That is, the methods that were most accurate in 2013 did not perform particularly well in 2017. A combined forecast, calculated by averaging forecasts within and across methods, was more accurate than three of the four component forecasts. The results conform to prior research on US presidential elections in showing that combining is effective in generating accurate forecasts and avoiding large errors.     

The role of consumers' construal level in art-infusion-type effect on retail product evaluation

What cognitive characteristic of consumers directs the art-infusion-type effect? This study inspected the impact of art-infusion type on product attitude through aesthetic judgment under different construal levels. This study was underpinned by “construal level theory” and “the model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments.” The data were collected from a pretest (N = 280) and an experiment (N = 388). A moderated-mediation analysis displayed that to low-construal consumers, infusing figurative (vs. abstract) artwork into retail products elicits greater aesthetic judgment, leading to more favorable product attitudes. However, to high-construal consumers, such an effect did not occur. These results broaden the past art-infusion research by corroborating the existence of art-infusion-type effect and presenting the construal level as its new boundary condition. Furthermore, our results offer practical insights into utilizing artworks in product promotion.     

利用模糊变换法搞好教学质量评估

本文介绍一种比较科学的教学质量评估法－模糊变换评估法。试图用模糊变换法及其原理，完善和改进现行的评定方法，对影响教学质量的诸多因素进行综合评判，制定出定量化、科学化的教学质量评估新方法．广泛而有效的应用该方法，对于加强师资队伍建设、促进教育事业的发展，必将发挥积极作用。     

论判断力的合目的性原则

康德写作《判断力批判》的目的。主要是为了弥合前两个批判之间的裂缝，在理论理性与实践理性之间架起沟通的桥梁。判断力之所以能够作为这个中介，关键在于它的一个先验原则——自然的合目的性原则。正是通过这一原则，我们才能够将自然界看成一个由低到高不断进展的目的系统，因而使得从自然到自由的沟通成为可能。     

《非货币性资产交换》准则导向变迁及对报表审计的影响

文章以我国制定非货币性资产交换准则的历史为线索,分析不同阶段相关准则的导向特征,并结合新《非货币性资产交换》准则的导向分析,对上市公司报表中涉及非货币性资产交换事项的审计问题展开探讨。     

Auditor rotation and the appearance of independence: Evidence from non-professional investors

We examine the impact of audit firm versus partner rotation on non-professional investors’ independence-related perceptions, extending prior research on auditor rotation and independence in fact. Arguments for mandatory audit firm rotation continue to be made by regulators and investor groups based, in part, on the idea that firm rotation will incrementally strengthen independence in appearance relative to audit partner rotation. We report the results of two experiments. The first examines 5-year audit firm versus partner rotation under relatively weak or strong audit committees. We find no statistically significant difference in beliefs about how much of an income reducing audit difference management will record, or in beliefs about auditor independence, between the two auditor rotation conditions. On the other hand, we find that non-professional investors do believe more of the audit difference will be recorded, and the auditors will be more independent, under a strong audit committee than a relatively weak audit committee. The second experiment provides further evidence on audit firm versus partner rotation by examining a setting involving a 26-year audit firm–client relationship. Again, no statistically significant differences between the two auditor rotation conditions were found. These findings suggest that compared to audit partner rotation, audit firm rotation does not strengthen independence in appearance among non-professional investors and that non-professional investors recognize the value of strong audit committees.     

浅谈会计职业判断

会计职业判断是会计人员按照国家法律、法规,结合企业自身特点,运用掌握的会计专业知识和工作经验,对会计主体发生的经济事项和交易采用准确的会计处理原则、方法等,进行的合理且合法的选择与判断。对会计职业判断的主要特点和会计人员提高职业判断能力的途径进行了论述,认为会计人员必须具有良好的职业判断力,才能适应市场经济条件下复杂多变的经济环境,准确处理经济事项与交易。     

Ethical awareness of Chinese business managers and accountants and their views on the use of off-book accounts

This paper reports the survey results of ethical awareness of Chinese business managers and accountants on business ethical issues and their assessment of the nature of off-book accounts (OBAs) usage from the perspective of ethical viewpoints. We find that Chinese respondents can, overall, make appropriate ethical judgments on explicitly unethical business behaviors but they may still adopt a relatively tolerant view towards some business behaviors that are less explicit in deviation from the general business ethics. Regarding the ethical assessment of the use of OBAs in practice, Chinese respondents can generally recognize the illegitimacy and irrationality of the OBAs and they hold reservations on the so-called positive effects of OBAs. In addition, the paper has further analyzed the impacts of a series of influential factors (e.g., gender, age, education, job occupation, work experience, firm size/listing status, and business ownership) on the ethical judgments of general business ethical issues and the ethical assessment of the nature of OBAs made by the respondents respectively.     

审计判断决策中的框架效应研究

行为审计研究已成为国内外审计判断研究的主流,有两大特点值得关注:第一,采用实验研究的方法;第二,越来越多的引入行为学、心理学理论研究审计判断决策问题。本文引入心理学中的框架效应理论,以库存内部控制体系为实验任务,采用实验研究的方法,对我国注册会计师审计判断决策中的框架效应进行了检验。研究发现,审计人员在进行审计判断决策时会受到框架效应的影响。研究成果丰富了我国审计的研究方法,为审计判断决策中框架效应的检验提供中国环境和审计专业背景下的实验数据。