基子知识视角下的企业家精神

本文通过封国内外有关知识资本、企业家和企业家精神的文献研究和总结，在知识视角下封企业家理论进行简要回顾，得出企业家精神的实质是创新精神，更是识别创新机会、把握创新机会的过程的结论。使用信号传递模型，分离条件假设以及斯宾赛一莫裹斯条件建立模型，说明企业家的沟通成本对企业创新的影响。本文为企业家精神的研究提供一个新的视角或认识工具。     

Environmental influences on corporate entrepreneurship: executive perspectives on the internet

This paper focuses on the likelihood of firms adopting corporate entrepreneurship in response to the challenges and opportunities presented by a change in their business environment shaped by the growth of the Internet. We further examined if firms are willing to modify their existing systems in response to such a change. We also investigated the paths or modes of entrepreneurship that firms would adopt when they perceive being entrepreneurial to be a viable response in light of a specific change in their business environment. Finally, we identified the impediments that firms may need to overcome when adopting corporate entrepreneurship. Results based on the data from senior executives lend support to our hypotheses. Managerial implications of the results are discussed.     

Modes of cooperative R&D commercialization by start‐ups

This study empirically examines the determinants of heterogeneous firm‐level cooperative R&D commercialization strategies. While the volume of interfirm collaboration has increased dramatically in recent decades, the determinants of firm‐level choices among alternate modes of such cooperative activity remain relatively understudied. We develop a conceptual model of factors determining collaborative mode choice at the organizational portfolio level. These factors include the firm‐level appropriation environment, in which deal‐level choices have portfolio‐level spillover implications, as well as governance capabilities developed by the firm over time. Using a random sample of innovating biotechnology start‐ups, we assemble a firm‐year panel dataset that aggregates transaction‐level collaboration data to the firm‐year level, allowing us to characterize firms' portfolios of collaborative deals. We find broad empirical support for our model, suggesting that a firm's appropriation environment and governance capabilities strongly influence portfolio‐level collaboration mode choices. In addition, we explore the implications of governance capability development, finding that experience with particular modes, as well as deviations from existing capabilities, impact firm valuation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ONLINE FREE MARKETS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE MUSLIM WORLD

For centuries, networks of free exchange enabled populations of the Islamic world to thrive. Today, by contrast, the largest Muslim countries lag in international measures of economic freedom. At this critical time, hundreds of online markets for 'telework' are bringing global business opportunities within reach of many in the Muslim and non-Muslim worlds alike. Individuals with internet access can directly engage in the global online economy without having to wait for the results of domestic policy liberalisation or needing to relocate in search of higher wages.     

企业家创新精神与企业财务绩效关系的实证研究

企业家精神是一种重要的生产要素,也是经济增长的重要驱动力。企业家精神的核心是企业家创新精神,文章的研究对象是企业家创新精神与企业财务绩效的关系,主要采用实证的研究方法,通过研究发现,企业家创新精神和企业财务绩效具有显著地正相关关系,本文在此研究结论的基础上,把企业家创新精神要素分为核心要素与表现要素两个层面,进而从这两方面实证分析企业家创新精神对企业盈利能力、偿债能力、成长能力和营运能力等财务绩效指标的影响。     

Harsh Evaluations of Entrepreneurs Who Fail: The Role of Sexual Orientation,Use of Environmentally Friendly Technologies,and Observers' Perspective Taking

Although there is a pervasive anti‐failure bias in society, we investigate why some entrepreneurs who fail are evaluated more harshly than others. Building on attribution theory and the literatures on prejudice, pro‐social intentions, and perspective taking, we offer an evaluation model of entrepreneurial failure and test this model on 6,784 assessments made by 212 observers. We find that variance in the harshness of failure evaluations depends on both the attributes of the entrepreneur and the attributes of the observer, and the interaction between the two. Specifically, entrepreneurs who are homosexual are evaluated more harshly by some observers and entrepreneurs who use environmentally friendly technology are evaluated less harshly. Moreover, observers high in perspective taking are more ‘lenient’ in their failure evaluations of those who use environmentally friendly technology than those low in perspective taking.     

Bringing Political Skill into Social Networks: Findings from a Field Study of Entrepreneurs

The authors integrate the entrepreneurship literature's sociological and behavioural perspectives and examine the processes through which entrepreneurs first build social networks and then use the network resources for enhancing venture performance. Field interviews of entrepreneurs during a six‐month period reveal that political skill is an important individual‐level factor that influences the construction and use of social networks. Theoretical and practical implications of the major findings are discussed.     

工科院校创新创业教育途径研究

创新创业教育对创新型人才具有重要意义。目前,工科院校创新创业教育存在政策不够重视,目的认知片面、主动性不足、课程设置和教育环境有待改善等问题。工科院校必须通过强化定心丸、把握航向标、筑牢压舱石、选准突破口、找准切入点和改革指挥棒等可行性措施,深化改革,走出一条有自身特色的创新创业教育路径。     

企业家激励机制探析

企业家是企业持续发展的发动机,也是经济发展的力量源泉。建立有效的企业家激励与约束机制则有利于形成良好的企业运转环境,提高企业绩效。企业家激励机制不应仅限于对现职企业家的激励,更应注重对未来企业家的激励,从而应加强对现职企业家型员工的培养,使其自身潜在企业家能力得到增强。     

The Born-Global Phenomenon: A Comparative Case Study Research

This qualitative, case-based research investigates the most relevant traits shown by several new, export-involved born-global firms and their entrepreneurs-managers versus other more traditional and also recently-established exporting SMEs in a specific geographic region inside Spain. More concretely, we aim to shed light on the type of factors and specific conditions underlying the emergence and further expansion of born-global exporters, as compared to other counterparts, which do not share their rapid internationalising character from inception. From our cross-comparison of four firm cases investigated in this setting against a number of factors generally associated with the born-global or gradual internationalisation paths, our results indicate that both constitute two consistent and distinctive patterns of international development. Another relevant finding in this research is that born globals seem indeed to be more entrepreneurial regarding their export entry behaviour into foreign markets than gradual exporters. Relevant academic, managerial, and policy-making implications are also outlined from these results.