论我国中小企业技术创新的困境及对策

现代意义上的竞争是科学技术的竞争,中小企业以其勇于创新的开拓精神已经成为科技成果商品化和产业化的中坚力量。因此,考察我国中小企业技术创新的现状,为我国中小企业的健康发展创造良好条件具有重大意义。本文从宏观层面探讨了制约我国中小企业技术创新的重要因素,并提出政府宏观扶持的相关对策。     

A political economy perspective on horizontal FDI in a dynamic Cournot-oligopoly with endogenous entry

Entry in a homogeneous Cournot-oligopoly is excessive if and only if there is business-stealing (Amir et al., 2014). The excessive entry prediction has been derived primarily for closed economies and using a welfarist benchmark. We extend this framework and allow for (1) horizontal FDI in a multi-period setting and (2) interest group-based government behaviour. Opening the market to greenfield investments from abroad tends to aggravate the entry distortion. Moreover, market opening may reduce welfare if a more pronounced entry distortion dominates the gain in consumer surplus. Finally, a government, which places sufficiently little weight on the interests of consumers, will object to market opening, even if welfare rises.     

开放型技术双元促进中国制造业全球价值链攀升了吗——基于微观数据的实证检验

以2008—2018年中国制造业13个子行业1853家企业微观数据为基础,构建Translog模型,分析开放型技术双元及其不同技术组合对中国制造业全球价值链（GVC）攀升的异质性影响。结果表明,企业有效平衡与吸收开放型技术双元形成的协同效应,能够降低进口竞争引致的要素替代成本,促进中国制造业GVC攀升向高技术探索与开发组合的内生驱动转化。技术开发成为中国制造业GVC攀升的充要条件,技术探索为充分不必要条件。在竞争效应和协同效应双重作用下,内资企业高技术开发组合成为推动中国制造业价值链攀升的主要驱动力,受技术门槛和技术控制约束,技术探索只有在内资企业具有足够开发能力时才能对价值链攀升产生显著影响。异质性双元组合催生形成中国制造业GVC攀升的多元化路径。劳动密集型行业依赖进口竞争攀升的低技术双元特征;资本密集型行业较高的外资吸收效率对母国开发与跨国开发技术组合吸收更具适应性,呈现出显著的市场竞争攀升特征;技术密集型行业积极的母国探索倾向与较高的技术开发能力形成技术协同攀升特征。     

Foreign investment regulation and firm productivity: Granular evidence from Indonesia

When regulating foreign direct investment (FDI), countries often face a trade-off between pursuing national policy interests and suffering efficiency losses due to FDI restrictions. We demonstrate the presence of this trade-off in the case of a protectionist FDI policy in Indonesia. Using a yearly census of Indonesian manufacturing firms from 2000 to 2015, we link product-level changes in binding FDI regulation due to major regulatory tightening to changes in firm-level productivity. Controlling for an extensive set of fixed effects as well as potential political economy drivers of regulation, we show that a tightening of the regulatory environment was successful in reducing foreign capital reliance among regulated firms, and led to increases in FDI among non-regulated firms producing the same product. Despite compensating increases in domestic capital, regulated firms experienced relative productivity losses. This points towards either a less efficient allocation of domestic capital or a general inferiority of domestic capital as compared to foreign investments.     

财政支农的市场一体化效应及其政策

以增加农民收入从而支撑具有产业、区域特征的市场一体化为视角,对财政政策不同的支农方式和支农工具所产生的不同的农业市场一体化效应进行了分析,认为直接收入补贴明显好于价格支持;间接支农优于直接支农;而且不同的支农项目对市场一体化的促进作用差异显著。为此,提出了逐步减少价格支持,增加直接收入补贴,增加财政间接支农力度,引导农业生产要素多渠道利用,促进农业系统内外部合作,重视三农无形资产,建立适当监督机制等政策建议。     

消减城乡公共产品供给差异的策略——基于政治支持差异假设的探视

本文认为导致城乡公共产品供给差异的根本原因是地方政府官员根据不同主体能够给予的政治支持做出的理性选择。文章强调了政治支持差异对地方官员行为的影响,并把上级政府、城市居民和农村居民的政治支持纳入一个统一的分析框架,分析了地方官员从不同主体获得的政治支持权重大小顺序,给出了其最优策略的均衡条件。如果要实现基本公共产品均等化目标,则需优化政治支持结构。     

城市产业支撑的发展与培育研究——以贵州省为例

产业支撑是城市发展的基础。首先对城市产业支撑的概念进行界定,然后从产业结构的视角对贵州省88个县区市的产业支撑现状进行剖析,发现建强县大部分依托第二产业、小部分依托第三产业,大多数非建强县缺乏产业支撑。结合贵州省城市人口的发展规划,提出了贵州省经济强县和非经济强县产业支撑的发展思路。最后,提出了严把环境关,正确选择和培育支柱产业;加快高速路网建设,优化区域经济布局;全面加强县区市竞争力评价,强化城市对标管理;加大资源整合力度,推动城市产业带形成;加强地区间合作,实现产业集群跨区域的分工与协调;加快城市群的建立,推动产业集群的形成;关注省际边界县,探索产业发展新途径等贵州省发展城市产业支撑的对策和措施。     

ExpertLens: A system for eliciting opinions from a large pool of non-collocated experts with diverse knowledge

The complexity of policy decision-making raises the need to elicit opinions from large and heterogeneous groups of stakeholders with broad and diverse sets of expertise. Existing options for elicitation include small face-to-face panels of experts by using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT), large Delphi panels whose members do not interact with each other face-to-face, and crowdsourcing, which involves an open call for input issued to a large community of people. In an attempt to close the gap between the practical needs of policy makers and the methodological challenges associated with eliciting opinions of large, diverse, and distributed groups, we have developed a new online elicitation system and methodology called ExpertLens. By optimizing the direct interactions of NGT with the larger number of Delphi participants and the wisdom of “selected crowds,” our approach is designed to save on the costs associated with traditional expert panels, while increasing accuracy in elicitation by reducing the potential for group process losses that can occur in large, diverse, and non-collocated panels whose members interact via asynchronous online discussion boards. The ExpertLens approach is iterative, does not require participants to develop consensus, and determines what the group “thinks” by statistically analyzing data collected in all rounds of the elicitation. This paper describes the ExpertLens system and methodology, briefly discusses recent ExpertLens trials, provides conceptual arguments for why it is an appropriate model for eliciting expert opinions, illustrates its main components and analytics by using an infrastructure investment example, and discusses a research agenda for testing the underlying tenets of the ExpertLens approach.     

发展山西现代农业的财政政策浅探

发展现代农业是社会主义新农村建设的首要任务,是以科学发展观统领农村工作的必然要求.近年来,山西省农业发展情况反映出由传统农业向现代农业演进的特点,但在此过程中仍存在着基础设施建设落后、农业生产科技水平低、社会化服务体系薄弱、农业产业化程度不高等问题.针对这些问题,应给予财政支持,促进传统农业向现代农业的转变.     

工作要求与创新工作行为关系的研究

员工创新工作行为是员工有效完成工作任务和目标,达到组织既定工作标准的有效途径,对组织的生存与发展具有重要作用。本文基于工作要求一工作控制模型与社会交换理论,探讨在中国情号下,工作要求、员工感知的组织支持与创新工作行为的关系。通过296个有效样本,研究结果表明：工作要求与创新工作行为显著正相关;员工感知的组织支持对工作要求与创新工作行为具有正向调节作用,在工作要求压力下,相对于感知到较低组织支持的员工,感知到较高组织支持的员工更容易产生创新工作行为,并基于中国本土文化的角度分析其内在原因。研究告诉企业领导者,提高工作要求可以提高员工创新工作行为,同时要提高员工对组织支持的感知,这样才可能使员工在面临高强度的工作要求时,更积极主动地开展创新工作行为,提高工作效率和工作绩效。