Flexible work practices and human resource management: a comparison of South African and foreign owned companies

This study compares the use of flexible work practices in wholly owned South African (SA) companies with that in foreign-owned companies. Data were obtained from questionnaire results of a study conducted by Horwitz and Franklin (1996) of flexible work practices in SA organizations. The questionnaire was used as part of a collaborative research project involving three countries (Brosnan et al ., 1996). It was found that SA-owned companies use certain flexible work practices to a lesser extent than foreign-owned companies. This was found to be the case particularly in the use of numerical forms of flexibility, such as sub-contractors/consultants and the use of temporary employees. Use of subcontractors/consultants and temporary staff agencies was found to be the greatest in partially foreign-owned companies. A larger proportion of foreign-owned companies have lower labour costs than do SA-owned companies. This has, however, not been as a result of the greater use of flexible work practices. Foreign-owned companies make more joint decisions with unions than do SA-owned companies when changing work practices.     

多层次视角的新兴技术创新管理研究回顾与展望

新兴技术创新是近年来管理学研究的热点。为了更好地丰富新兴技术创新管理的研究理论、研究视角和研究方法,对新兴技术创新的内涵特征、理论视角、关键要素进行了评述,并扩展形成了多层次的新兴技术创新管理整合研究框架,归纳了较为完整的研究体系和脉络。最后,提出未来研究应当重点关注新兴技术创新的能力体系构建、开放式学习视角的引入以及新兴技术创新过程中的动态资源管理等,并进一步结合中国转型经济环境开展更有针对性的研究。     

区域战略性新兴产业创新生态系统稳定水平评价研究

评估区域战略性新兴产业创新生态系统稳定水平,是调节与保障战略性新兴产业创新生态系统顺利运行的有效手段。结合创新生态系统稳定性表现,从结构、功能以及效益3个维度,构建战略性新兴产业创新生态系统稳定水平评价指标体系,引入熵权与层次分析方法进行组合赋权,设计基于规则的战略性新兴产业创新生态系统稳定水平评价方法,并以黑龙江省为例进行实证研究,最后提出保障创新生态系统稳定水平的优化策略。     

An adaptive approach to forecasting three key macroeconomic variables for transitional China

The macroeconomic forecasts for emerging economies often suffer from the constraints of instability and limited data. In light of these constraints, we propose the use of a local autoregressive (LAR) model with a data-driven estimation window, i.e., a local homogenous interval, that is adaptively identified to strike a balance between information efficiency and stability. When applied to three key macroeconomic variables of China, the LAR model substantially outperforms the alternative models for various forecast horizons of 3 to 12 months, with forecast error reductions of between 4% and 64% for the IP growth, and between 1% and 68% for the inflation rate. The one-quarter ahead performance of the LAR model matches that of a well-known survey forecast. The patterns of the identified local intervals also coincide with the characteristic evolution of the gradual reforms and monetary policy shifts in China. In short, the LAR model is suitable for not only forecasting, but also the real-time monitoring of the effects of regime and policy changes in emerging economies.     

新常态下产业政策转型研究

当前,我国经济正处于转型升级的关键时期。战略性新兴产业具有明显的技术进步特征,符合经济新常态下的增长动力转换要求。针对厂商的直接补贴和针对消费者的间接补贴是政府扶持新兴产业的主要政策工具,因而被广泛应用。基于实物期权理论构建了供给端与需求端补贴下企业投资决策模型,比较了两种政策工具对新兴产业发展的影响,并利用数值模拟方法讨论了不同补贴方式的政策效果。研究发现：政府应根据产业发展阶段和市场现状组合使用这两种补贴方式。当产业处于初创期时,政府可以直接对投资行为进行补贴,以促进新兴产业快速发展;当产业发展至成熟阶段,产能可能出现过剩时,政府应适当减少甚至取消对投资者的直接补贴,提高研发补贴比例,增加企业有效供给;同时,加大对消费者的补贴力度,在提高消费者福利水平的基础上,扩大新兴市场产品需求。研究成果对于缓解目前我国供需结构不均衡的局面具有借鉴意义。     

资源配置视角下战略性新兴产业基地建设决策过程研究

采用案例分析法,以国家传感网创新示范区建设的决策过程为研究对象,从资源配置视角重新审视了战略性新兴产业基地建设的决策过程。结果表明,在战略性新兴产业基地建设决策过程中,地方政府充分发挥了主观能动性,与中央政府、科研机构及企业积极互动,获得了建设产业基地的资源。同时,中央政府完成了与产业基地甄选及部署相关的资源配置。     

Market Consequences of Earnings Management in Response to Security Regulations in China*

Under the 1996‐98 security regulations in China, the accounting rate of return on equity (ROE) has to be greater than 10 percent for three "consecutive" years for a firm to qualify for stock rights offers. Despite declining economic conditions during this period, the percentage of firms reporting ROE between 10 and 11 percent is about "three" times that for 1994‐95. This unique regulatory environment provides a natural experimental setting for the empirical assessment of earnings‐management behavior and its consequences. This study examines whether listed Chinese firms manage earnings to meet regulatory benchmarks and whether regulators and investors consider the quality of earnings in their respective regulatory and investment decisions. On the basis of a sample of listed Chinese firms from 1996 to 1998, we observe that managers execute transactions involving below‐the‐line items and use income‐increasing accounting accruals to meet regulatory ROE targets for stock rights offerings. The firms that apply for, but fail to receive, regulatory approval manage earnings more significantly than do firms that receive approval and pair‐matched control firms. Our market study also suggests that investors differentiate the quality of earnings and put less value on earnings suspected of a greater degree of management. Overall, our results imply that the regulatory bodies and investors to some extent make rational adjustments for the quality of earnings.     

社保基金投资股市对经济增长的影响

本文在一系列假定条件下分析了中央社保基金投资资本市场对经济增长和包括储蓄、收入分配、消费、价格等在内的宏观经济条件的影响.本文认为,总的来说中央社保基金投资包括股市在内的资本市场对经济增长的影响具有很大的不确定性,其影响主要取决于其他诸多相关因素,并在很大程度上取决于心理预期和政策工具的选择.换言之,在其他条件不变的情况下其影响是很有限的,或者说主要呈中性.     

Women rule: potato markets,cellular phones and access to information in the Bolivian highlands

In highland Bolivia, potato markets are widespread and access to market information has entered the digital age. Information networks lubricated by ubiquitous cellular technologies are supplanting traditional means of information‐gathering. We explore the impacts of access to cellular phones on market selection, use of social networks to acquire information, and gendered responsibilities within the potato market chain near Cochabamba. The entire family participates in potato production and marketing, but responsibilities are differentiated by gender. Men take a leading role in potato production and women in marketing. Access to cellular phones affects decisions about where to market potatoes and improves the potato marketing process.     

零杠杆上市公司的股票长期收益趋势研究

与国际发达的资本市场类似,我国资本市场也存在企业零（低）杠杆现象。基于1992-2014年沪深两市全部A股上市公司的财务报表数据及股票收益数据,文章使用事件研究法与日历时间组合法,实证检验了零（低）杠杆公司的财务特征及股票长期收益情况。研究表明,我国A股市场中的零（低）杠杆现象呈现扩大化及增长趋势,且零（低）杠杆公司具有规模小、上市年限短、市账比高、投资水平低及盈利性好等共同特征。研究也发现相较非零（低）杠杆公司,连续三（五）年零（低）杠杆公司具有显著的长期超额收益,说明持续的极端财务保守政策对于股票收益具有重要的影响作用。