机会窗口、复合式战略与后发企业追赶——基于大华股份的纵向案例研究

基于中国本土化理论——复合基础观,以浙江大华技术股份有限公司（以下简称大华）为例,结合后发企业追赶需要考虑的重要情境即机会窗口,分析后发企业在追赶过程中,如何合理、灵活地采取复合式战略回应机会窗口,并利用机会窗口带来的发展机遇,实现从初始追赶到超越追赶再到行业前沿的追赶历程。研究发现,同一行业内不同机会窗口之间环环相扣、相互影响,某一机会窗口的出现也会触发其它机会窗口出现,进而引致整个行业机会窗口涌现;基于复合基础观视角,后发企业追赶路径的演变过程为：最初以技术模仿式创新为导向实现边缘赶超,继而以市场把握和扩张为导向实现商业模式创新,然后以全面协同创新为导向实现系统竞争力提升;后发企业通过实施复合式战略回应机会窗口的开启,能够帮助其更好地把握住发展机遇,实现追赶;与追赶路径演变相关联,随着企业内部资源与能力的积累,战略回应机制也相应地呈现为“被动回应—主动回应—引领拓展”的演变过程。     

Still Big in Bangkok? An Empirical Analysis of the Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Thailand

This paper analyses regional Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Thailand. Its determinants are identified using a unique assembled panel dataset comprising all 76 Thai provinces during the period 1985–2005. The work is premised on the view that foreign investors consider various determinants of location choices in each province (including labour costs, Gross Provincial Products (GPP) per head, areas of industrial estates, communication and transportation issues, population characteristics, educational attainment, population density and distance from the centre of town to the main ports of Thailand) as well as government incentives, before deciding to undertake FDI in a given region. Our econometric model estimates suggest that government regional policy, and the effect of zoning in particular, however, has a significant and positive effect on regional FDI, drawing FDI to those zones where the greatest incentives are on offer. The other possible determinants of FDI amongst regions are largely shown to be insignificant.     

Emerging Market Multinationals: Coopetition for Global Growth

Since the dramatic geopolitical shift toward liberalization in the last century, emerging‐market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) have become major players in global markets and continue to account for an increasing share of global foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Given this trend, the questions of how and why EMNEs pursue FDI deserve greater attention. This article builds on recent work that uses resource dependence theory (RDT) to explain EMNE internationalization strategies. We propose that EMNEs, while often resource deficient relative to their developed‐market competitors and, therefore, more dependent on others in the external environment, are uniquely positioned to overcome these deficiencies over time through simultaneous cooperation and competition—coopetition—with their global rivals and host‐ and home‐country governments. These propositions contribute to the EMNE internationalization literature by more fully incorporating RDT into current theories of internationalization, highlighting the importance of managing dependencies over time to maximize global growth. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

微观企业全要素生产率测度方法的比较与应用

微观企业TFP通常是不可观测的,它的估计面临内生性、联立性等诸多问题。在系统分析微观生产函数估计所面临主要问题的基础上,经过蒙特卡洛模拟法,比较了微观生产函数最新估计方法的优劣,发现广泛应用的OP、LP和ACF参数估计方法,倾向于高估微观企业的TFP,而De Loecker、GNR和联合估计的TFP测度方法能够得到TFP的稳健估计,增加值类生产函数估计倾向于高估微观企业的TFP,并且高估TFP的离散程度。将前沿TFP测度方法用于中国生产要素错误配置问题的研究,发现要素再配置具有显著的TFP促进效应,但是低于Hsieh和Klenow(2009)政策模拟的估计结果。据此,提出以微观企业TFP开展实证研究的对策建议。     

软件企业智力资本对企业成长的影响机制研究

在知识经济时代,企业的竞争优势已经从土地、资金转向企业拥有的知识、技能、经验,即企业的智力资本,在软件业,智力资本的地位尤为重要,本文的目的是探讨智力资本对软件企业的成长机制,认为顾客资本是整个智力资本的关键,智力资本的其他的维度通过顾客资本促进企业成长,而企业的过程资本则对智力资本与企业成长的关系具有调节作用。     

Networking responses to different levels of institutional void: A comparison of internationalizing SMEs in Egypt and the UK

This paper reports a comparative qualitative study of how decision-makers in internationalizing SMEs respond to relevant institutions in their domestic environment through networking activity. Twenty SMEs are compared respectively from a developing economy (Egypt) and a developed economy (UK). The two countries contrast both in the effectiveness of their institutional support for SMEs and in their cultural norms towards network relationships. Substantial differences are found between the two national samples in SME decision makers’ networking behaviour in response to specific institutional conditions. The links between institutional conditions, national cultural norms and SME networking responses are explicated in a new theoretical model.     

全球股票市场间风险传染的测度、监管及预警

近年来,伴随金融一体化程度的加深,全球各股票市场间风险传染的动态复杂性加剧,其准确测度、高效监管及实时预警已成为优先事项。本研究选取全球21个代表性股票市场作为分析样本,首先基于广义向量自回归模型的滚动估计准确测度其间风险动态传染的高维网络序列,进一步借由矩阵值因子模型来稳健收缩上述序列,以探究其潜在动态核心结构,从而实现高效监管。最后,通过向量自回归模型的预测功能实现对全球股票市场间风险传染的实时预警。研究表明,全球股票市场间风险传染具有时变性,其监管与预警可通过少数与地理区域高度相关的风险区域间的动态传染关系及内部的市场构成来刻画。与此同时,我们发现中国内地等新兴市场的重要地位逐渐凸显。本文研究结论可为有效防范与化解金融风险提供有益参考。     

Environmental sustainability practices and exports: The interplay of strategy and institutions in Latin America

We integrate institutional economics with stakeholder theory to examine the antecedents and outcomes of Environmental Sustainability Practices (ESP) for small and medium enterprises in Latin America. We find that these firms primarily engage in ESP to succeed in export markets. We also find that this is especially true when firms demonstrate organizational agency by adopting complementary strategies such as obtaining international quality certifications to develop credibility among stakeholders. Lastly, their cause receives a further boost when they are based in institutional environments that are known for strong democratic voice and accountability mechanisms. In elucidating the interplay of strategy and institutions, we suggest the need to better integrate organizational agency into institutional theory and institutional environment into stakeholder theory.     

Supermarket self-checkout service quality,customer satisfaction,and loyalty: Empirical evidence from an emerging market

Supermarket shoppers around the world are increasingly encountering and using self-service technologies (SSTs) during their shopping process. The SSTs are mainly offered to reduce retailer costs and enhance customer's experience. Among the many different SSTs available, self-checkout systems (SCS) have become an extremely popular choice of supermarkets around the world. Although some of the main motivations of the supermarkets for offering SCSs are cost cutting, speed, and convenience, supermarkets are also assuming that these services would enhance customer experience, satisfaction, and ultimately loyalty. However, empirical evidence is needed to better understand customer expectations of SCS service quality and how technology based service quality impacts retail patronage. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the service quality of supermarket/grocery store SCSs and its impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty in an emerging market, namely Turkey. Using the SSTQUAL scale (Lin and Hsieh, 2011), data (n=275) for the study is collected from shoppers who had just completed going through the self-checkout counter in a large supermarket chain. The results of this study show that SCS service quality positively influences loyalty through the customer satisfaction path. Managerial and research implications of the findings are discussed.     

An empirical investigation of mergers and acquisitions by Chinese listed companies, 1997–2007

We examine 136 M&A deals from 1997 to 2007 initiated by Chinese companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, where the acquirer gains complete control of the target. Our data shows that the Chinese M&A market is dominated by domestic deals with unlisted targets that are either stand-alone private firms or wholly owned subsidiaries. Acquirers experience significant positive abnormal stock returns around the announcement date and over the three years after the acquisition. These results are largely driven by state-owned firms, cash acquirers and firms that acquire related targets. Cross-sectional tests show that announcement period returns are related to the acquirer's ownership status, industry relatedness of the acquirer and target, capital structure changes of the acquirer and the nature of the unlisted target. We find no change in operating performance from the pre to the post acquisition period for the acquirers.