中国与世界贸易组织争端解决机制:评估和展望

在多边框架内有效解决贸易争端是中国申请加入世界贸易组织的主要动机之一。作者分析了中国"入世"10年来参与世界贸易组织争端解决活动的具体情况,重点讨论了两个关键性问题:世界贸易组织的争端解决机制能否有效预防成员对协定的违反,维护中国的贸易利益?其他世界贸易组织成员在使用争端解决机制时是否存在针对中国的"好讼"倾向?作者认为,随着经济实力的增长、国际经济交往的加深和对争端解决活动日益积极的参与,中国利用国际经济规则来遏制他国针对性贸易保护主义行为的能力相应增强。在世界贸易组织框架下,中国国际经济地位的相对变化是出现针对中国"好讼"现象的重要原因。因为国家间经济地位的相对变化改变了相互间合作的收益,在多哈回合进展有限的情况下,其他成员希望通过世界贸易组织的申诉强制实施更高水平的国际合作。在信息不对称条件下,出口额和贸易平衡状况等现有观测指标的缺陷进一步加强了其他成员对中国的关注,提高了其对中国申诉的可能性。此外,世界贸易组织成员政府对特定部门利益的偏重以及对争端解决机制的策略性使用都从不同途径提高了贸易伙伴对中国申诉的动力。     

Security: The Virtual Quest

ABSTRACT

Security and related contingency recovery plans ensure a business' survival when it is faced with potential information systems breakdowns. Its primary objective is to prevent a calamity from occurring and to limit the impact of destructive events related to computer-based information systems. Most disaster recovery plans, when put into effect, fail to serve the intended purpose. The value of a properly implemented security is to prevent external intrusions before they start, and have an internal recovery plan to restore service so that assets are not adversely affected.

This paper provides some insight regarding security as well as identifying some of the pitfalls or weakness in this part of an organization's communication network. Emerging technologies such as the use of biometrics, authentications, steganography, and data encryption used for security will be the focus of the paper.     

The Relevance of Organization Theory to the Field of Business and Information Systems Engineering

Information and communication systems (ICS) impact their organizational environment in significant ways; hence, the design, implementation, and use of ICS are inseparably linked to fundamental issues of organizational design and behavior. Current research in the field of business and information systems engineering (BISE), however, is primarily technology- or practice-oriented and concerned with the construction and validation of prototypes, whereas little attention is paid to theoretical insights into organizational phenomena and relationships. In this paper, we argue that paying more attention to organization theory would provide valuable guidance in addressing the close links between ICS on the one hand, and organizational systems on the other. To support our argument, we refer to selected theoretical perspectives and highlight their potential relevance to the BISE field.

The deregulation of international trucking in the European Union: form and effect

We describe the regulatory regime under which international trucking operated in Western Europe until the mid-1980s, the deregulatory process that followed, and the effect of this deregulation. We find that deregulation had a large positive effect on the growth of international trucking. We also find that shippers shifted toward more outsourcing of their trucking needs, but this occurred to an even greater extent in local and national road transport. We conclude that other factors beside the deregulation of international trucking affected the organization of the industry at the time. Finally, despite concerns voiced by member countries, we find no evidence that deregulation disproportionately favored carriers of countries that were initially more (or less) involved in international trucking, nor that it has favored low-wage countries.      

基于DEA的科研机构科技资源配置效率评价

将DEA（数据包络分析）应用于科研机构的科技资源配置效率评价,建立了评价指标体系。以上海市人文社会科学科研机构为例,对该方法的应用进行了实证研究。用C2R模型和C2GS2模型分别对上海市社会人文科学类科研机构科技资源配置的综合效率和技术效率进行了评价,得出如下结论：大部分社会人文科学科研机构的科技资源配置效率总体水平较高,个别机构配置效率低下;绝大多数社会人文科学科研机构科技资源配置为技术有效,规模是造成科技资源配置非DEA有效的主要原因;科技投入不足问题值得引起重视。     

农村金融组织体系的历史变迁及现状分析

回顾我国农村金融组织体系的历史变迁,分析我国农村金融组织体系的现状,可以得出我国农村金融组织体系仍然存在着整体服务功能不足、缺乏竞争性和缺乏可持续发展能力等问题。建立完善的农村金融体系,首先要根据农村经济发展的需要确立不同定位相互补充的金融服务功能;其次要培育适当竞争的农村金融市场,把农村金融作为一个具有完整形态和功能的产业来规划和发展。     

虚拟组织持续创新:内涵、本质与机理

互联网技术革命及消费者需求的不断更新推动了虚拟组织的诞生与发展,作为新型的价值创造系统,虚拟组织以核心能力为结点,能够集成整合价值链上的优势资源,紧抓市场机遇,持续为客户创造价值。首先,厘清了虚拟组织持续创新的内涵与本质。在此基础上,分别论述了虚拟组织持续创新的4大构件即创新动力、创新过程、学习能力与界面管理,及其之间的交互作用,提出了虚拟组织持续创新的运行机理,旨在深化对虚拟组织持续创新的研究和认识。     

非公有制企业党组织与企业捐赠

与公有制企业党组织受到较多关注不同,非公有制企业党组织是否真正发挥影响力是同样重要但却被学术界忽略的待研究问题。本文基于手工收集的民营上市公司党组织的相关数据,从社会捐赠这一视角研究党组织影响力对其履行社会责任的影响。结果发现:民营上市公司党组织的影响力越大,企业的社会捐赠力度越大,且显著高于同行业和同地区的平均捐赠水平;这种影响力的促进作用在民营上市公司党组织基础更加稳固的企业、管理层对党组织重视程度更高的企业和党代会时期更加明显。上述结果在控制了可能的内生性问题后依然稳健。本文的发现意味着非公有制企业党组织有助于促进其履行社会责任,这有助于评估和促进非公有制企业党组织的建设及其作用的发挥。     

Participation in organized and unorganized protests and rebellions

The paper investigates the individual decision of whether to join and participate in a protest or rebellion. When the protest activity is unorganized and individuals join spontaneously without regard to the effect on the probability of success and failure and without regard for potential benefits, multiple equilibria can exist, which may in turn have consequences for government policies. I also consider the case where a protest or rebellion is coordinated by a leader. The broad conclusion is that institutional analysis is required to specify the environment within which a protest or rebellion takes place.