人力资源与竞争优势:一个改进的VRIO框架

以RBV理论和动态能力理论(DCV)为基础,采用经典的"输入—转化—输出"分析范式,从系统理论的视角,提出了一个改进的VRIO框架,描述了如何通过HR管理来获取竞争优势。改进的VRIO框架的含义是:组织输入的人力资源应当具备竞争优势潜力;组织的转化能力由组织学习、组织行动和激励机制这三项相互作用的系统要素构成;组织输入的人力资源,经过有效转化,就能输出为竞争优势。     

SO NEAR AND YET SO FAR IN GENEVA

This article reflects on how close World Trade Organization members came to reaching agreement in Geneva last July on the key agricultural and industrial issues at the heart of the Doha Round. But since 6 November, when the text of this article was finalised, the global economy has been in continuing decline and there was insufficient convergence on outstanding issues to justify a new ministerial meeting tentatively planned for December. The prospects of completing the round by the end of 2009 have therefore weakened.     

Edith Penrose: A Feminist Economist?

We re-read a foundational work, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm by Edith Penrose, not to identify the androcentric bias but instead to recover a challenge to such bias. Our purpose is to show in Penrose an alternative view of human "nature" and revulsion from "Cartesian" dualisms. At the same time, Penrose had a deep interest in the real world and used metaphor and story alongside empirical observation in the pursuit of theoretical advance. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm provides an approach to industrial organization that is not only consistent with feminist economics but can be read as a methodological and expositional examplar.     

A Sword and a Shield: South Korea's Strategic Use of World Trade Organization Litigation

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has since its inception in 1995 produced a cohort of 108 “fully litigated” trade cases. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of this cohort of cases reveal that South Korea ranks first among all Asia Pacific nations in appearances as complainant. Similarly, Korea ranks first among the 13 most litigious WTO members in the relative frequency with which it converts WTO Consultation Requests to formal litigation. Furthermore, its litigation history reflects a strategy to employ the formal WTO litigation venue in the service of two key exports: steel and semiconductors. Through this strategy, Korea has challenged U.S. safeguard measures on steel and defended its own putative subsidization of semiconductor manufacturers from countervailing duties imposed by the United States, European Union, and Japan.     

Influence of International Trade Agreements on International Business: A Conceptual Model

The article provides a conceptual model, developed from analyzing over fifty trade agreement related research studies published during the last decade, which allows international business scholars to explore the influence of trade agreements (custom unions, free trade agreements, preferential trade agreements, regional trade agreements) on foreign market entry strategies. This model is an attempt to develop IB theory to address the current research gap in this very narrow but important allied field. Empirical findings generated by interviewing dairy produce exporters in New Zealand reveal a remarkable connection between TAs and IB, with TAs found to influence the regulative environment of participating countries, which may in turn reduce the regulative distance between member nations. The contribution provides a basis for IB researchers to explore this connection in multiple industries/countries.     

“美国—影响中国家禽产品进口的 某些措施”争端研究

"美国—影响中国家禽产品进口的某些措施"案是中美贸易争端中首起直接涉及WTO《卫生与植物检疫措施协定》(《SPS协定》)的争端。此争端源于美国国会依据《2009年综合拨款法案》第727条禁止美国农业部制定从中国进口家禽产品的规则。本争端涉及3个核心问题:一是SPS措施的认定问题;二是专家组的管辖权(职能范围)问题;三是SPS措施的对等承认问题。但归根结底第727条违反了WTO非歧视性原则。该争端说明,推进我国与其他国家(包括美国)检验检疫机制的对等互认是我国稳定和扩大外贸出口的重要手段。     

The good,the bad and the ugly: agent behavior and efficiency in open and closed organizations

Current literature has largely ignored the fact that some organizations are highly selective when admitting new agents while others are more open. In addition, some organizations audit or sort agent behavior within the organization more aggressively than others. One might expect a priori that closed, highly selective, organizations would always be more efficient because they screen out the worst types, which could lead to better agent behavior. We show that this is not the case. Specifically, when agent behavior in equilibrium is uniform across organizations (i.e., when the number of agents behaving the same way is identical), closed organizations are inefficient. However, when agent behavior varies across organizations, closed organizations may or may not be inefficient, depending on net payoffs to the organization and the agents. Our analysis implies that organizations should choose the open type when screening or sorting costs are high, when there is a high frequency of good agent types in the population, when agent misbehavior does not reduce output significantly, and when penalties for misbehavior are large. The paper has benefitted from useful comments by David Flath, Charles Knoeber, Claudio Mezzetti, two anonymous referees and participants of the Spring 2005 Midwest Economic Theory meetings at Vanderbilt University, the 2005 meetings of the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory in Vigo, Spain, the 2005 conference on Research in Economic Theory and Econometrics in Syros, Greece, and workshops at North Carolina State University, Texas A&M University and McGill University.     

分类适度管制:放松管制背景下的我国政府管制结构重构

伴随着西方放松管制改革的浪潮,国内学术界也开始呼吁放松管制,但目前我国的政府管制面对的主要是行政垄断问题以及管制结构的不合理.因此,我国政府管制改革,不是"放松管制"的问题,而是管制结构重构的问题:一方面要消灭原来计划体制的管理体制、管理办法和管理方式,消除行政垄断,另一方面要转变管制重点实行分类管制,即根据垄断性产业的业务进行划分实施放松管制的政策;根据不同产业以及同一产业不同时期实施放松管制政策.     

创新型企业的组织结构设计研究

成功的创新需要合适的组织结构的支撑,而当前的企业组织结构存在阻碍创新的弊端。创新型企业要求的组织结构应具有分权化和开放系统性特征,二元组织(Ambidextrous Organization)思想和生存系统模型(Viable Systems Model,VSM)为创新型企业的组织设计提供了新的思路。创新型企业应进行组织结构的重设,分别设立日常事务部和创新业务部,并将创新业务部分为创新业务经理、信息部、协调部、控制部和操作部,为提高创新型企业的自主创新能力提供组织保障。     

中国与世界贸易组织争端解决机制:评估和展望

在多边框架内有效解决贸易争端是中国申请加入世界贸易组织的主要动机之一。作者分析了中国"入世"10年来参与世界贸易组织争端解决活动的具体情况,重点讨论了两个关键性问题:世界贸易组织的争端解决机制能否有效预防成员对协定的违反,维护中国的贸易利益?其他世界贸易组织成员在使用争端解决机制时是否存在针对中国的"好讼"倾向?作者认为,随着经济实力的增长、国际经济交往的加深和对争端解决活动日益积极的参与,中国利用国际经济规则来遏制他国针对性贸易保护主义行为的能力相应增强。在世界贸易组织框架下,中国国际经济地位的相对变化是出现针对中国"好讼"现象的重要原因。因为国家间经济地位的相对变化改变了相互间合作的收益,在多哈回合进展有限的情况下,其他成员希望通过世界贸易组织的申诉强制实施更高水平的国际合作。在信息不对称条件下,出口额和贸易平衡状况等现有观测指标的缺陷进一步加强了其他成员对中国的关注,提高了其对中国申诉的可能性。此外,世界贸易组织成员政府对特定部门利益的偏重以及对争端解决机制的策略性使用都从不同途径提高了贸易伙伴对中国申诉的动力。