加入世贸后中国农产品出口竞争力分析

文章介绍了加入世贸后中国农产品出口贸易的现状,采用MPS、TC、RCA三个指标对我国农产品出口竞争力进行了实证分析,得出了加入世贸后我国农产品竞争力较弱,并持续下降的结论。最后,对提升农产品出口竞争力提出了几点对策建议。     

Second Sourcing with Capacity Constrained Firms and Locked-In Buyers

I begin by surveying the motivations for second-sourcing agreements in the absence of licensing fees. I then focus on a particular motivation – that of an incumbent wanting to relax a capacity constraint. I develop a general model with buyers locked into a product, and find necessary and sufficient conditions for an incumbent to benefit from the presence of rivals without any need to sign contracts with them, in contrast with Dick (1992) and with the literature on subcontracting. I show that multiple equilibria due to the self-fulfilling expectations of rivals are possible. With regards to policy, I find that, with homogeneous buyers, a monopolist incumbent will produce where price and marginal cost coincide. I illustrate the model’s results with observations from the semiconductor industry.     

价格与进入管制下的边缘性进入--一个理论模型分析

本文从产业组织和企业行为的视角 ,探讨了二元 (价格与进入 )管制下边缘性进入发生的技术、需求和结构性条件 ,从而对管制放松的初始诱因提出了一个新的解释 ,即管制放松是技术进步 (在本文特指新产品的出现 )、需求结构变化和原有管制下的产品特制、产业组织结构及权力结构安排的内生现象。由边缘性进入引发的放松是一个渐进性的“多赢”结局 ,不会导致由强制性管制放松所引起的管制无序甚至缺失现象。     

入世5周年对我国工业制成品国际竞争力的影响分析

2006年12月11日,是我国加入世贸组织5周年纪念日。回望这5年,入世给我国的经济带来了深刻的影响,我国对外贸易快速增长,融入世界经济的步伐不断加快,使得我国企业参与到更加激烈的国际竞争中。本文利用最新的进出口数据,对我国工业制成品的国际竞争力在入世5周年后的现状以及与入世前相比发生了怎样的变化做了对比分析。结果表明,加入世贸组织促进了我国工业制成品国际竞争力的提升。     

线形小区中分布式天线协同的定时捕获改进方法

不精确的定时捕获造成分布式天线系统性能的严重下降,现有的改善分布式天线系统 定时捕获性能的方法存在诸多不足。为进一步提高分布式天线系统定时捕获时的正确捕获概 率,提出了一种基于分布式天线协同的定时捕获方法。该方法针对线形小区的平坦瑞利衰落 信 道场景,利用两根分布式接收天线接收来自单天线移动台的发射信号;随后,推导了两分布 式 接收天线的时延差先验信息,建立了协同定时捕获的协同条件;最后,根据门限检测方法在 协 同条件下进行定时捕获。分析与仿真结果表明,在定时捕获时,无论移动台处于协同区域的 哪个位置,提出方法均能有效改善各分布式接收天线的正确捕获概率。     

The Size and Structure of the World Mutual Fund Industry

This paper analyses the mutual fund industry for 20 countries using a new database of more than 50,000 mutual funds. The results suggest that more developed industries provide more benefits to investors as they diversify more internationally, charge lower annual charges and present more product sophistication. The results also have important policy implications by emphasising the role of competition and contestability in industry development. Fewer barriers to entry are positively associated with a larger industry, and concomitantly with more efficiency in terms of returns and fees.     

入世后如何构建学生素质教育模式的思考

入世后，教育要参与国际竞争，就必须与教育服务贸易协定有关规则接轨，才能实现我们的教育超常发展。为此，要本着树立教育国际化的全新观念，确定爱国主义思想为灵魂和强化化底蕴的提高为主要内容，以求职就业教育为切入点，并辅以有效的机制为保障，来构建新的素质教育模式。     

Financial intermediation and entry-deterrence

Summary. In this paper, we analyze the interaction between an incumbent's financial contract with a bank and its product market decisions in the face of a threat of entry, in a dynamic model with asymmetric information. The main results of the paper are: there exists a separating equilibrium with no limit pricing; the low-cost incumbent repays more to the bank in the first period due to the threat of entry; and there are parameter values for which the bank makes more profits with the threat of entry than without. Received: July 19, 2002; revised version: December 4, 2002 Correspondence to: N. Jain     

Volunteering for heterogeneous tasks

We model the search for volunteers as a war of attrition. Every player is tempted to wait for someone else to volunteer for the tasks. When tasks are not equivalent, it may be optimal to volunteer quickly to perform an easy task. We analyze the trade-off between volunteering for an easy task and taking the risk of having to perform a more strenuous task in order to get the chance of avoiding all tasks. When the cost of waiting is borne by agents until every task has found a volunteer, we show that it may be optimal to volunteer for the difficult task even if an easier task is available, in order to speed up the process and reduce the costs of waiting.     

Empirical studies of entry and exit: A survey of the evidence

Over 70 empirical studies of entry and exit patterns covering eleven different countries generally support the expectation that entry is more frequent in more profitable, rapidly growing industries, and slower where the absolute costs of capital required to build a minimum efficient scale plant are imposing. Scale economies, excess capacity, and limit pricing receive little empirical support as entry impediments. The evidence concerning the effects of advertising and R&D intensity is confusing.Exit is faster where profits are lower, and slower where durable specific (sunk) capital costs are more important. Exit and entry are strongly correlated, probably due to displacement (of incumbents by more efficient entrants) and vacuum effects (in which entrants are enticed by the prospects of selling to uncommitted customers abandoned by a recent exit).