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591.
Gherardo Girardi 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2013,20(1):83-95
I begin by surveying the motivations for second-sourcing agreements in the absence of licensing fees. I then focus on a particular motivation – that of an incumbent wanting to relax a capacity constraint. I develop a general model with buyers locked into a product, and find necessary and sufficient conditions for an incumbent to benefit from the presence of rivals without any need to sign contracts with them, in contrast with Dick (1992) and with the literature on subcontracting. I show that multiple equilibria due to the self-fulfilling expectations of rivals are possible. With regards to policy, I find that, with homogeneous buyers, a monopolist incumbent will produce where price and marginal cost coincide. I illustrate the model’s results with observations from the semiconductor industry. 相似文献
592.
Michelle Haynes Steve Thompson 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2014,21(2):165-190
The price-comparison site, with its (near-)zero sunk costs of entry, would appear to approximate the “almost perfectly contestable market” envisaged by the contestability theorists where “hit-and-run” entry was conjectured to constrain sellers to zero-profit outcomes. We investigate hit and run using a unique unbalanced panel of 295 digital-camera markets mediated by NexTag.com. We find, however, in line with Farrell (1986a)’s prediction, a bifurcation of strategies with low reputation/smaller participants favouring a hit-and-run strategy involving lower entry prices and shorter forays into the market than their high reputation/larger rivals. Furthermore, the former entrants induce a much larger price response from low-reputation incumbents, reflecting the more intense rivalry for the price-sensitive consumers willing to eschew retailer reputations. 相似文献
593.
《Journal of East-West Business》2013,19(3-4):83-101
Abstract Existing studies addressing the modal choice in the global hotel industry have discussed to a limited extent the restrictions posed to the choice of entry mode by the local environment, mainly the host government. This paper describes entries of foreign hotels in a market, Russia, in which the local (city) government has an active role in the hotel industry. The study proposes that, in the Russian market, the foreign hoteliers have to take into account the interests of the local governments regardless of the operation mode. On the basis of secondary data collected mainly from industry reports and Russian newspapers, the strategic choices made by the foreign hotel companies can be divided into two categories. First, some hotel chains have brought their brands to the Russian market early, but have made strategic concessions in the mode of entry. Second, there are companies that have stuck to their general strategies and postponed entry to Russia until it could be done with the mode preferred by the company. 相似文献
594.
In recent years franchising has become a popular operating strategy for companies competing in the global marketplace. In particular, international retailing companies have increasingly been adopting franchising as a marketentry mechanism. While this growth in the popularity of franchising has led to increased research interest in the topic, there has only recently been a recognition of the need to consider franchising within the wider context of retailer internationalization activity. This paper attempts to provide a framework for the study of franchising as a strategy for retailers expanding into international markets. The discussion examines key findings to date from the established literature on international franchising concerning the motivations underlying internationalization, the internationalization process itself and the operating problems encountered. It is argued that a careful examination of findings from the international franchising literature can provide further development of retail internationalization conceptualization. 相似文献
595.
Manmohan Agarwal Alokesh Barua 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(3):287-303
This paper is an attempt to demonstrate how the entry (costless) of firms in an industry may have a dramatic effect on exports from an industry in a country. The results have tremendous implications for LDCs suffering from resource and BOP constraints but having reservoirs of cheap labor. The welfare effects of such entry liberalization policy (or subsidy) can be stated from the Bhagwati theorem that a reduction in an only (single) distortion is necessarily welfare improving by reducing monopoly or oligopoly distortions. However, we have shown that the entry liberalization policy is welfare superior to an equivalent subsidy policy where equivalent is defined in terms of the impact on exports. As a by product, we have also shown how one can integrate the oligopoly models of trade with the general oligopoly literature. The results on the limiting behaviour of an open economy oligopoly model extend the standard results in the oligopoly theory in a closed economy. 相似文献
596.
2006年12月11日,是我国加入世贸组织5周年纪念日。回望这5年,入世给我国的经济带来了深刻的影响,我国对外贸易快速增长,融入世界经济的步伐不断加快,使得我国企业参与到更加激烈的国际竞争中。本文利用最新的进出口数据,对我国工业制成品的国际竞争力在入世5周年后的现状以及与入世前相比发生了怎样的变化做了对比分析。结果表明,加入世贸组织促进了我国工业制成品国际竞争力的提升。 相似文献
597.
针对多模多频接收机面临同时处理大量数据的压力,提出了一种基于插值和卡尔曼滤波的接收机钟差预测方法。插值方法分别用拉格朗日和三次样条,三次样条端点的一阶导数采用“差分法代替求导法”来确定。首先由插值方法得出每隔1 s的卫星坐标、速度、钟差、频漂和伪距测量值,然后基于单星授时方法计算出静止接收机钟差,接着用卡尔曼滤波算法对接收机钟差和频漂进行预测,最后将预测的接收机钟差与加拿大空间参考系统(CSRS) 提供的精密接收机钟差数据进行比较。结果表明,拉格朗日插值由于存在龙格效应,其接收机钟差的抖动幅度比三次样条略大,它们与CSRS钟差数据相比,均方根误差在3 ns之内。 相似文献
598.
599.
600.
Rebeca de Juan 《Review of Industrial Organization》2008,32(2):145-162
Using the entry threshold concept developed by Bresnahan and Reiss (Brookings Pap Econ Act 3:833–882, 1987), this paper examines
how competitive conditions vary in independent local banking markets when the number of depository branches grows. With data
on the Spanish retail banking sector in 2003, I estimate a discrete choice model to calculate the entry thresholds. The empirical
evidence suggests that the entry of a new branch implies competition on a local level. Local branches seem to have some scope
for changing prices fixed on national and regional levels. Moreover, the entry of new branches increases the competition among
branches with instruments other than price (e.g., advertising, location, and promotion).
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