Corporate social responsibility and strategic trade policy: An endogenous timing game and its policy implications

This study incorporates the corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of a domestic firm and analyses strategic trade policy towards a foreign firm in a different market structure. We show that the tariff rate under a foreign (domestic) firm's leadership is lowest when the degree of CSR is large (small). We also show that the foreign firm's leadership yields the highest welfare when the degree of CSR is intermediate, while the domestic firm's leadership yields the highest welfare otherwise. In an endogenous‐timing game, we show that a simultaneous‐move outcome is the unique equilibrium when the degree of CSR is small; thus, it is never socially desirable. We also show that the domestic firm's leadership can be an equilibrium, which results in the highest welfare when the degree of CSR is large. Finally, when the degree of CSR is large, collusive behaviours between the domestic and foreign firms can increase welfare.     

我国政府和企业投资重点、时点及地点组合研究

目前我国在政府和企业投资的研究领域中,只是单纯考虑投资重点、投资时点和投资地点中某一项或两项因素的影响指标,很少将三者组合起来进行分析,但是三者均对投资起着至关重要的作用,本文运用焦点问题法,以评价指标体系为切入点,通过分析每个点的影响指标,从而建立一套相对完善的投资选择综合评价指标体系,并在分析量化相关指标的基础上,确立了模糊综合评价的方法对投资中重点、时点、地点进行评价,对于我国政府和企业投资决策的全面性起到了关键作用,并为投资决策提供了良好的判断依据.     

How do the determinants of firm survival change in the course of the industry life cycle? A fuzzy-set analysis

Industry life-cycle research on firm survival often tests the effects of innovativeness, entry timing, and experience from related industries. However, findings on how these effects change over different stages of the life cycle are scarce. To fill this gap, we perform a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on a data-set of 58 video game device producers in six product generations. We find that innovation provides a consistent survival advantage only in the mature stage of the life cycle. We also find that experience accumulated within the industry loses its value in the mature stage, and the advantage shifts to de alio entrants only after shake-out. These findings are discussed relating to technological uncertainty, the role of internal and external knowledge, and the construction of sufficient technological performance.     

一种基于插值和卡尔曼滤波的接收机钟差预测方法

针对多模多频接收机面临同时处理大量数据的压力,提出了一种基于插值和卡尔曼滤波的接收机钟差预测方法。插值方法分别用拉格朗日和三次样条,三次样条端点的一阶导数采用“差分法代替求导法”来确定。首先由插值方法得出每隔1 s的卫星坐标、速度、钟差、频漂和伪距测量值,然后基于单星授时方法计算出静止接收机钟差,接着用卡尔曼滤波算法对接收机钟差和频漂进行预测,最后将预测的接收机钟差与加拿大空间参考系统（CSRS） 提供的精密接收机钟差数据进行比较。结果表明,拉格朗日插值由于存在龙格效应,其接收机钟差的抖动幅度比三次样条略大,它们与CSRS钟差数据相比,均方根误差在3 ns之内。     

许可证制、进入壁垒与北京市土地经济绩效

本文指出,土地出让制度是一种许可证制,是由政府创造的一种进入壁垒.以协议出让为主的土地出让制度不仅导致了垄断,而且还导致了严重的"圈地运动"和寻租行为.因此,对土地市场而言,一方面要反垄断,改协议出让为拍卖出让,使许可证竞争;另一方面要鼓励竞争,使大的土地开发项目拆分为众多小的土地开发项目.     

Network development in international project marketing and the impact of external facilitation

This article reports on an experiment in external facilitation of international project marketing activity. The case involved a large, World Bank funded project in China aimed at upgrading grain storage and handling facilities. An organization was established in Australia to bring together and support efforts by Australian firms to win a share of this project. Network-building, at a number of levels both in China and Australia, emerged from the qualitative study as a critical factor in effective project marketing. External facilitation played a positive role in the network-building process.     

Designing Pareto optimal stimuli for multiattribute choice experiments

Full factorial designs have long been used in designing multiattribute stimuli (e.g., hypothetical job applicants) for use in policy capturing and functional measurement models. More recently, marketing researchers have employedfractional factorial designs in multiatribute preference models, such as those used in conjoint analysis.Occasions arise where the researcher also desires the stimulus profiles to be Pareto optimal. This paper addresses some conceptual and methodological issues associated with Pareto optimal choice sets. In particular, we discuss the problem of determining the expected number of dominant-entry pairs. We then consider the task of deriving Pareto optimal choice sets from fractional factorial designs. A heuristic for accomplishing this is described and applied to an illustrative set of main effects and main effects plus interactions designs.     

基于VISSIM仿真的交叉口信号配时优化设计

交叉口作为城市道路的交通咽喉,其通行效率直接影响到城市整体道路的运行效率。为了提高城市道路交叉口的通行能力等,文章以金华市八一南街—宾虹路为实例,利用VISSIM微观仿真软件分析交叉口的延误时间、停车次数、排队长度以及尾气排放等输出参数,对比信号配时优化前后的方案。结果表明,优化后的交叉口信号配时方案下平均停车延误降低了17.33%,总体停车次数降低了21.13%,平均排队长度降低了36.51%,尾气排放的污染物以及总油耗也有所减少,交叉口的交通状况得到明显改善。     

Attribution of hedge fund returns using a Kalman filter

Hedge funds offer attractive investment possibilities because they engage in investment styles and opportunity sets which – because they are different from traditional asset class funds – generate different risk exposures. Conventional wisdom holds that hedge funds add value and provide unique investment opportunities because of their ability to invest in disparate risk exposures, and via the manager’s skill in selecting stocks and timing the market. In this article, a Kalman filter is used to decompose the time series of hedge fund returns into market timing and stock selection factors to establish whether fund managers really do generate statistically significant abnormal profits. Compelling evidence supports an alternative interpretation for the market timing return constituent. This work represents the first time the Kalman filter has been used to extract a time series of the capital asset pricing model’s dynamic variables for determining return component magnitudes.     

Market structure and competition in transition: results from a spatial analysis

The present article provides first microlevel (indirect) empirical evidence on changes in entry barriers, the determinants of firm profitability as well as the nature of competition for a transition economy. We estimate size thresholds required to support different numbers of firms for several retail and professional service industries in a large number of geographic markets in Slovakia. The 3 time periods in the analysis (1995, 2001 and 2010) characterize different stages of the transition process. Specific emphasis is given to spatial spill-over effects between local markets. Estimation results obtained from a spatial ordered probit model suggest that entry barriers have declined considerably (except for restaurants) and that the intensity of competition has increased on average. We further find that demand spill-overs and/or the effects associated with a positive correlation in unobservable explanatory variables seem to outweigh negative spill-over effects caused by competitive forces between neighbouring cities and villages. The importance of these spatial spill-over effects differs across industries.