中国制造业企业开放式创新行为及影响因素

开放式创新行为对提高企业创新绩效有显著影响。基于2012年世界银行调查数据，对中国企业开放式创新行为影响因素进行了实证分析。研究表明：①企业开放式创新行为在区域、行业上分布不均；②竞争对手情况、信息技术支持度、数据软件共享度、产品出口、产品销售范围等对研发合作有显著正向影响；③高管工作经历、竞争者数量、信息技术支持度等对企业创新开放度有显著正向影响。     

Blocking,attracting, imposing,and aligning: The utility of ASEAN forest and environmental regime policies for strong member states

International institutions, including ‘global regimes’ and ‘regional regimes’, address an increasing number of environmental issues. While in the past much attention was given to global regimes, a plethora of regional institutions and organizations (regional regimes) and their environmental policies have recently gained more momentum in political practice and attention in scholarship. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one such regime, and is actively developing its own policies relating to (e.g.) forests and the environment. These policies necessarily have to be useful for the regime’s member states; however, we further argue, that within the member states the regime’s policies especially have to be useful for specific member states’ bureaucracies, because it is they who actually develop the policies on behalf of the member states. Further, this paper aims to analyse the utility of ASEAN’s forest and environmental policy for specific member states and their responsible bureaucracies. Our analytical framework builds on regional regime theory, bureaucratic politics, and concepts of actor’s utility and interests. It differentiates the utility of the regional regime policies into several functions: (i) blocking unpleasant international initiatives, (ii) attracting international political or financial support, (iii) imposing rules on other member states, and (iv) aligning the interests of member states against external political opponents. Our results indicate that ASEAN’s environmental and forest policies serve all four functions. For instance, through ASEAN structures, Indonesia is blocking strict CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) regulation of ramin wood to maintain existing ramin protections and business, and the ASEAN Biodiversity Centre is found to be instrumental in blocking ambitious claims towards biodiversity from international actors. In addition, Malaysia and Singapore have imposed an ASEAN wildfire haze pollution agreement onto other member states in order to protect their directly affected interests in air quality and air traffic. ASEAN is also attracting to its members various international environmental funds in areas including climate change, community-based forestry, and sustainable peatland management. Last, member states under ASEAN actively align their positions in international climate negotiations as well as global forest deliberations to enhance their influence. We conclude that policies developed within regional regimes such as ASEAN are aligned with the interests of stronger member states, and their bureaucracies in particular. It remains unclear, however, how powerful these actors need to be in order to make this customization of regime policies valid for them. The results suggest that not only a potential hegemon, but also second or third powers may have this option. At the same time, member states’ activities do not seem to be conducted by states as unitary actors; instead, issue-specific actions are based on the interests of issue-relevant bureaucracies, which are in charge of representing a given member state in a given field of a regime’s policy.     

环境与就业维度下出口商品结构优化——以江苏为例

利用计量方法从环境和就业这两个指标来考察江苏出口商品结构优化,其中环境指标主要是通过碳排放指标来体现的。通过研究发现江苏九大类出口商品在环境和就业指标上都无此消彼长现象,其中对两指标都具显著影响力的为机械及运输设备,化学品及有关产品和按原料分类的制成品这两类出口商品仅对环境有着显著影响力,对就业不具显著影响力,至于其他种类的出口商品则对环境和就业这两个指标都不具显著影响力,最后得出江苏出口商品结构优化的最明确方向,即大力促进机械及运输设备的出口,抑制化学品及有关产品和按原料分类的制成品这两类出口商品的出口。     

An exploratory examination of additional ground access trips generated by airport ‘meeter-greeters’

A significant share of airport passengers are accompanied to and/or from the airport by friends and relatives to wave them off or greet them when they land. At some airports the number of these ‘meeter-greeters’ can be substantial, which can have important ground access planning, economic and environmental implications for the airport operator. Yet this group have received comparatively little attention in either the academic or industry literature. Consequently, to some extent ‘meeter-greeters’ have remained something of a ‘hidden’ element of ground access user. In an attempt to address this, the paper uses secondary data analysis of the UK CAA Passenger Survey Report to explore ‘meeter-greeters’ at five UK airports; Heathrow, Gatwick, Manchester, Stansted and Luton. Focus is given to assessing the scale of ‘meeter-greeter’ journeys and the role of a passenger's trip purpose (business/leisure) and resident status (resident/non-resident) in this process. A key finding from the analysis relates to the disproportionate impact of multi-person trips, where a number of different ‘meeter-greeters’ accompany a passenger to the airport. The implications of these findings are discussed and a number of recommendations for decision makers proposed. Namely, it is suggested that airport monitoring and assessment procedures should incorporate a measure of the additional trip generation by ‘meeter-greeters’ in order to present a more complete picture of the number of people accessing/egressing an airport.     

Third-party remanufacturing mode selection: Outsourcing or authorization?

Many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) allow third-party remanufacturers (3PRs) to perform remanufacturing operations of branded or patented products – through either outsourcing or authorization. This study compares these two modes by modeling the game between the OEM and the 3PR on equilibrium quantities, prices, and profits. The results suggest that when consumers perceive the remanufactured products with a low value, the 3PR prefers the authorization approach; otherwise the 3PR prefers the outsourcing approach. However, in both scenarios, the OEM obtains higher profit through outsourcing than through authorization. Our further analysis compares two modes’ impacts on consumer surplus, social welfare, and environment.     

环境税的生态补偿效应分析

环境税作为解决负外部性的一个重要手段,在生态补偿过程中发挥着重要作用。本文从经济效率、收入分配、就业、社会福利等几个方面分析了环境税的生态补偿效应,从而为我国生态环境税制的建立健全提供一定的理论依据。     

Metropolitan land-change science: A framework for research on tropical and subtropical forest recovery in city-regions

In efforts to promote transitions to sustainability in city-regions, government and nongovernment actors throughout the world are devising comprehensive sustainability strategies and implementing a variety of environmental policies. Social actors in many city-regions view forest stewardship as an important element of this integrated approach. Generally, urban sustainability goals are guided by the principles of ecological integrity, environmental quality, social equity, social inclusion, and social justice. In other words, sustainable urban development should foster a good quality of life for all by providing equitable access to adequate economic opportunity, housing, education, public services, ecosystem services, and environmental amenities. Governance structures should pursue these goals democratically with legitimacy, transparency, and accountability. Effective sustainability planning and management depend on the reliability of land-use monitoring and modeling approaches. They also require field-based, qualitative empirical research to understand the complex social dynamics that are invisible from space. The aim of this paper is to encourage international, cross-disciplinary dialogue on the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and practical groundwork necessary to effectively carry out metropolitan land-change science, particularly for rapidly expanding small- and medium-sized cities in developing countries. I begin by presenting the paper's central conceptual and theoretical framework. Next, I explore existing analytical and methodological approaches to the study of land-use dynamics in metropolitan regions. After a brief discussion of specific opportunities and challenges for collaborative, interdisciplinary research in support of metropolitan land-change science, I conclude by proposing a four-part agenda for coordinated investigation of tropical and subtropical forest recovery in city-regions worldwide.     

优化营商环境的财税政策研究——以江苏省为例

近年来,江苏财政部门积极支持营商环境建设,贯彻落实减税降费政策,采取设立风险补偿资金池、引导社会资本投资、设立支持企业发展的奖补资金等举措,在优化营商环境方面取得一定成效,但在政策执行过程中还存在一些不足,如部分行业税负可能上升、无定价权的企业在税制改革中获益相对较少、减税降费"降成本"效应下降等,针对实际工作中存在的问题,还需要进一步增强"降成本"政策的协调性,采取完善增值税抵扣机制等措施。     

营商环境、企业家精神与技术创新关系研究

优化营商环境、激发市场主体活力是我国新时期推动经济高质量发展的重大举措。选取2009-2018年30个省市级面板数据,构建中介效应模型,实证分析营商环境质量对企业家精神的激励效应及技术创新的促进作用。研究发现：①营商环境优化对中国技术创新具有显著正效应,但其影响更多表现为资金供给而非制度供给;②企业家精神是营商环境与技术创新的中介变量,营商环境要素、企业家创新精神和创业精神激励结构对技术创新的影响存在异质性;③营商环境显性激励作用明显,但内生激励不足。研究结论可为持续优化营商环境、激发企业家精神、促进技术创新提供政策启示。     

金融生态环境、银行结构与银企关系的贷款效应——基于中小企业的实证研究

以深交所中小企业板上市公司在上市前的数据作为研究样本,本文实证考察了中小企业与银行之间的银企关系对其信贷融资可获性的影响,并在此基础上分析了银行规模与金融生态环境对中小企业的银企关系贷款效应的影响。实证结果显示,银企关系的密切程度对中小企业的信贷融资具有＂正＂向效应;金融生态环境的改善对银企关系的正向贷款效应具有促进作用;但不同规模的银行对银企关系的贷款效应无显著影响。本文的研究结果表明,在我国转轨经济条件下,广泛开展建立在银企关系基础上的关系融资技术有助于缓解中小企业融资难的问题,而金融生态环境的改善有助于此技术的开展,但银行业的市场结构对中小企业信贷融资无显著的影响。本文的研究结论为缓解中小企业融资难的问题提供了经验证据的支持。