The role of buyer power in oligopoly models: An empirical study

This study investigates whether an industry's profitability and concentration are influenced by structural characteristics of the industries and final markets to which it sells. Very few similar studies have been made, and there is some dispute about their conclusions. This study discusses the methodological problems behind this dispute and the ways in which the specification and data used here avoid these problems. The results show that seller profitability rises with the extent to which buyers are dispersed across many industries, but that no other buyer characteristic exerts a significant influence on either the profitability or the concentration of the selling industry.     

The Role and Current Status of IFRS in the Completion of National Accounting Rules – Evidence from Turkey

Abstract

As it is not a member of the European Union, Turkey has not yet adopted EU accounting directives by law. Instead, Turkish standard setting authority adopted International Financial Reporting Standards for entities that have public accountability and has recently prepared the draft Turkish financial reporting standard for non-publicly accountable entities that are subject to independent audit: Framework for Local Financial Reporting. This national standard is influenced by European accounting directive 2013/34, international financial reporting practices and UK experience in addition to national accounting rules.     

论欧盟农业国内支持制度的演进及晚近发展趋势

欧盟农业国内支持法律制度的历史演进与“共同农业政策”(CAP)密切相关.为了适应WTO农业规则及欧盟农业发展的需要,CAP已历经多次改革,“促进农业发展、提升农产品竞争力”是其改革主线.CAP改革从“价格支持”到“与生产挂钩的直接支付”,再到“与生产脱钩的直接支付”,不过是从“黄箱”转到“蓝箱”再到“绿箱”的过程,是支持方式的改变,高额国内支持并未“实质性削减”.CPA2020新一轮改革延续了历史惯性,继续向“农业、农村可持续发展”的“绿箱化”支持推进,并兼顾“可靠的粮食安全、平衡的区域发展”的政策目标,使得CAP结构更为合理,重点更为突出,效果更为明显.CAP演进与改革,对于我国优化农业补贴结构、启动亲环境型补贴项目、强化农业支持的规范化、法制化,具有重要现实意义.     

Exiting supranational unions and the corresponding impact on tourism: Some insights from a rejoinder to Brexit

The consequences of countries withdrawing from supranational unions have received growing attention. Most recently, the majority of British citizens have voted to exit the European Union (Brexit), which has resulted in the mushrooming of reports on its potential impact in myriad respects. This paper uses Brexit as a case study to examine the impact of exiting a supranational union on the tourism industry. In particular, this paper consolidates the plethora of views on the impact of Brexit on tourism and uses the findings to propose a model that explains the consequences of exiting a supranational union for tourism from the national, regional, and global travellers’ perspective.     

公用事业行业市场竞争机制构建之我见

我国公用事业行业市场竞争机制构建过程中出现了各种问题。本文在探讨公用事业行业构建市场竞争机制的必要性和可能性的基础上,提出构建公用事业市场竞争机制的基本内涵应包含明确政府的职能定位和增加产业内竞争企业数量、潜在竞争者、替代品竞争者等方面。     

Save the Children: The Protection of Minors in the Information Society and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive

The protection of underage viewers against programmes harmful to their development has been a long-standing concern in national broadcasting systems and was recognized by the Television Without Frontiers (TWF) Directive as a fundamental issue in European audiovisual regulation. Policy discussions accompanying the most recent reform of the Directive confirmed the need to ensure adequate protection also in the context of on-demand services, while disagreeing over the method by which this should achieved. This article outlines the evolving regulatory regime for the protection of minors against unsuitable programming and presents the legislative proposals drafted by the institutions in the course of the ongoing reform process. The analysis demonstrates that while the concern for protecting minors perseveres in the face of the new Directive’s response to audiovisual convergence, the envisaged rules for on-demand services lead to a noticeable differentiation of the basic regulatory tier, and a concomitant concern for the effectiveness of protection.

价值调整协议的市场博弈——资本对赌

价值调整协议是一种高风险高收益的投融资手段,它:一方面,能使投资方获得高额的回报;另一方面,给融资方实现快速发展提供了契机。本文通过一些价值调整案例对对赌双方的风险和收益以及双方实现共赢的策略进行了分析和探讨。本文认为,只要"价值调整协议"条款设计合理,各个环节处理得当,就会起到双向激励的作用,是一种值得推广的,非常好的投资方式。     

Incentives in decentralized random matching markets

Decentralized markets are modeled by means of a sequential game where, starting from any matching situation, firms are randomly given the opportunity to make job offers. In this random context, we prove the existence of ordinal subgame perfect equilibria where firms act according to a list of preferences. Moreover, every such equilibrium preserves stability for a particular profile of preferences. In particular, when firms best reply by acting truthfully, every equilibrium outcome is stable for the true preferences. Conversely, when the initial matching is the empty matching, every stable matching can be reached as the outcome of an ordinal equilibrium play of the game.     

The structure of income mobility: empirical evidence from five UE countries

In this paper we use the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to assess differences in the level and structure of income mobility in a selected sample of European countries. We adopt recent theoretical proposals for the decomposition of axiomatic and welfare measurements of mobility in exchange, structural and growth components. Decomposition exercises which take into account some type of division of the population and income sources are also performed. We find that cross-country income mobility comparisons largely depend on the type of indices used. The relative positions of the countries considered change when the analysis is based on ethical instead of objective measures of income mobility. Results also show that in most countries income growth has a very limited effect upon aggregate mobility, being the most important determinant the rerankings of individuals, with a little weight for inequality changes. Although some common results exist concerning the delimitation of groups experiencing the greatest income fluctuations, such as individuals belonging to single-parent households or young household heads, the intensity of these results varies greatly across countries. The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology (grant SEJ2004-07373-c03-03) and the Instituto de Estudios Fiscales. We would also like to acknowledge the help given by the European Centre for Analysis in Social Sciences of the University of Essex.     

中国货币政策的二元传导机制——“两中介目标,两调控对象”模式研究

本文利用1998年1月到2006年6月的经济金融月度数据,主要运用VAR模型对中国货币政策的中介目标、传导渠道进行实证检验和理论分析,发现:(1)货币供应量M2是货币政策的重要指标,它对经济变量的解释(预测)能力远高于其他货币变量;(2)货币供应量M2对工业增加值和CPI作出系统性的反应,且M2新息是由央行决定的,表明货币供应量M2是货币政策中介目标;(3)我国基本不存在货币传导渠道,主要的传导渠道是银行贷款,信贷规模是事实上的中介目标,直接调控经济,并引导货币供应量的变化,因而,我国的货币政策中介目标实际上是两个——信贷规模和货币供应量M2,这种调控模式在1998年前后没有发生根本性的改变;(4)两个中介目标调控不同的领域:信贷规模主要针对实体经济,货币供应量主要针对金融市场,这是我国央行的一种现实选择,央行也较为成功地实现了两者之间的一致和协调。上述结论对于货币政策实践是有意义的,表明我们更应关注信贷规模指标并以此为核心来调控经济。当然,这种货币传导模式存在缺陷,只是阶段性地起作用。从未来的发展模式来看,要采用包含更多信息的利率作为政策中介,其前提条件是利率和汇率的市场化改革。