我国非农产业对农村剩余劳动力就业的影响

随着我国经济增长,大量农村剩余劳动力已从传统的农业部门转移到非农部门。考察和研究非农产业对农村剩余劳动力就业的影响,对于制定相关产业政策、促进农村劳动力转移,具有重要意义。     

服务业对外直接投资的发展及其影响

全球对外直接投资的结构逐渐转向服务业,而我国服务业的发展水平与发达国家相比仍然存在相当大的差距,且缺乏国际竞争优势。本文通过研究服务业对外直接投资对东道国的资金来源、国际收支平衡等方面的影响,以及产生的就业效应、技术外溢效应、行业挤出效应和出口竞争力效应,总结了对我国服务业引资工作的若干启示。     

现代服务业与第三产业之辨

服务业形态的发展与变化,丰富了现代产业体系的内容,传统意义上三个产业的划分已不能满足人们实际工作和理论研究的需要。笔者指出,现代服务业与第三产业应当是相互关联而又有着显著区别的两个概念,交叉部分之外各有保留。现代服务业不同于传统的第三产业,它渗透到了传统的三个产业的各个角落,具有自身的独立性。廓清这两个概念对于研究产业结构现状、规划产业结构升级、指导和实施产业调整,都具有十分重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

低碳经济与河北省产业结构调整

发展低碳经济已成为全国乃至全世界共同面临的重大课题。对河北省来说,破解这一难题的任务更为艰巨,时间更为紧迫。河北省发展低碳经济要同时做好"减法"和"加法"。"减法"是指通过淘汰落后产能减少碳排放强度和总量;"加法"是指通过发展战略性新兴产业提升整个产业结构的技术层次,使低碳产业成为河北省经济发展的主要支撑。做好"加法"是河北省发展低碳经济的根本出路,当前做好"加法"的最佳选择是打造环京津战略性新兴产业基地。     

欧债危机的深层次原因分析及其启示

万解秋教授认为,欧债危机是金融危机的延续,其背后的根本原因是经济体制和结构的失衡,低效率的经济运行和增长动力的衰退,难以用国家债务来填补,当然也不可能用发行货币来解决,金融危机以及随后的债务危机是这种经济衰退危机的必然表现,而仅仅想通过债务发行和货币投放就能解决问题的想法,是不现实的,它有可能招致更严重的经济衰退和危机,这也是我们现在所应该引以为戒的。白永秀教授认为,欧债危机从深层原因来看,是现代市场经济体制下效率与公平、实体经济与虚拟经济、责任与权利之间矛盾激化的必然产物。钱津研究员认为欧洲债务危机不是市场化的信用危机,而是政府信用的危机。传统的陈旧的货币理论直接导致了经济相对脆弱的一些欧洲国家在遭遇到国际金融危机之后的自家政府财务的危机。从本质上看,欧洲债务危机是一个货币理论亟需转换和推进的问题。余斌研究员则认为,欧债危机不同于不以人的意志为转移的经济危机,它更多地是一场人为的危机。他进一步指出,如果中国大量持有欧债,那么欧盟和德法金融寡头必然会以国际社会的舆论压力如设置人权话题等手段在合适的时机迫使中国同样贬值所持有的欧债,借机掠夺中国人民。     

政府不能承揽过多的经济责任

万解秋教授认为,欧债危机是金融危机的延续,其背后的根本原因是经济体制和结构的失衡,低效率的经济运行和增长动力的衰退,难以用国家债务来填补,当然也不可能用发行货币来解决,金融危机以及随后的债务危机是这种经济衰退危机的必然表现,而仅仅想通过债务发行和货币投放就能解决问题的想法,是不现实的,它有可能招致更严重的经济衰退和危机,这也是我们现在所应该引以为戒的。白永秀教授认为,欧债危机从深层原因来看,是现代市场经济体制下效率与公平、实体经济与虚拟经济、责任与权利之间矛盾激化的必然产物。钱津研究员认为欧洲债务危机不是市场化的信用危机,而是政府信用的危机。传统的陈旧的货币理论直接导致了经济相对脆弱的一些欧洲国家在遭遇到国际金融危机之后的自家政府财务的危机。从本质上看,欧洲债务危机是一个货币理论亟需转换和推进的问题。余斌研究员则认为,欧债危机不同于不以人的意志为转移的经济危机,它更多地是一场人为的危机。他进一步指出,如果中国大量持有欧债,那么欧盟和德法金融寡头必然会以国际社会的舆论压力如设置人权话题等手段在合适的时机迫使中国同样贬值所持有的欧债,借机掠夺中国人民。     

战略性新兴产业的高端化:基于“链”的经济分析

如何避免我国刚起步的战略性新兴产业成为新的低端"加工制造业"?本文构建了一个基于"链"的分析框架,从产业链、价值链、创新链、服务链和生态链这五个方面,寻求推动战略性新兴产业高端化发展的政策取向和措施。根据比较优势的变化逐步切入全球产品内分工的高端环节,利用内需市场吸收全球高级生产要素,促使企业从加入GVC逐步走向主导全球创新链,大力发展知识、技能和人力资本密集的服务产业链,成为金融危机后时期我国新一轮国家竞争战略的逻辑选择。     

服务业开放对东道国技术效率的影响——基于随机前沿生产函数的实证研究

本文探讨服务业开放和各国技术效率的关系,运用随机前沿生产函数模型,根据1995—2010年数据,对经济合作与发展组织（（）ECD）国家技术效率进行测度。研究结果发现,发达国家技术效率水平最高,新兴国家技术效率增长最快,而发展中国家技术效率水平最低且增长呈下降趋势。最后,本文提出我国应扩大服务业开放,提高服务水平,进而促进技术效率的提升。     

Incubation of an industry: Heterogeneous knowledge bases and modes of value capture

Research summary : We examine firms' technological investments during an industry's incubation stage—the period between a technological breakthrough and the first instance of its commercialization. Using the agricultural biotechnology context, we develop stylized findings regarding the understudied knowledge evolution preceding product evolution in an industry's life cycle, the trend and diversity of firms undertaking technological investments in anticipation of industry emergence, their leverage of markets for technology and corporate control, and their use of alternative modes of value capture. We juxtapose these stylized findings with existing literature to identify new theoretical insights, and set the stage for future scholarly work to develop and test new theories for the incubation period, examine its existence in other industries, and study its impact on subsequent firm and industry evolution. M anagerial summary : New technological breakthroughs present managers of existing firms and aspiring entrepreneurs with opportunities to create altogether new industries. During the vibrant incubation period, we find that multiple firms capitalize on diverse knowledge bases to shape the industry's knowledge evolution and also capture economic value in diverse ways. Existing firms in the obsolescing industry are more likely to become targets in acquisitions given their complementary knowledge. Science‐based start‐ups are more likely to engage in acquisitions and collaborations with established firms. Diversifying firms are more likely to commercialize products after leveraging of internal development, acquisitions, and alliances. Our study highlights the importance for managers to think about “success” and “failure” across multiple yardsticks of performance, rather than only as product commercialization as the sole goal. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Empowerment and resident support for tourism in rural Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the case of Pomerania,Poland

Despite empowerment being a crucial component of sustainable tourism, few scholars have quantitatively operationalized empowerment and looked at how it applies to rural societies within the post-communist European Union (EU) member states. Knowing the high priority of sustainable rural development goals within the EU, empowering residents within these post-communist societies has become a pertinent issue especially where those societies appear more reluctant to engaging in democratic ways of decision-making. In response to this gap, this study tests the cross-cultural validity of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale, and then evaluates how empowerment predicts residents’ support for tourism within the municipality of Choczewo, Pomerania, Poland. Using a theoretical perspective that blends Social Exchange Theory with Weber's Theory of Formal and Substantive Rationality, these non-economic empowerment dimensions are coupled with a measure of resident perceptions of economically benefiting from tourism to see if rural residents in Choczewo, Poland, are more swayed by the economic or non-economic benefits of tourism. Results show that residents within this Central and Eastern Europe setting are more influenced by the pride and self-esteem boost associated with psychological empowerment and the perceptions of increased community cohesion (i.e. social empowerment) than the economic promises of tourism.