The Four ‘S's’ of experience gift giving behaviour

The purpose of this paper is to explore the behaviour associated with the phenomenon of the giving and receiving of gifts that are experiences. Gift giving theory has evolved around physical goods, to the detriment of building an explicit knowledge of intangible gifts—the hospitality, leisure and tourism experiences. Fifty-two cases of experience gifts emerged from depth interviews with donors or recipients of different ages, occupations and gender. A storyline of the Four S's of experience gift giving—surprise, suspense, sacrifice and sharing—offered distinctive insights into experience gift giving behaviour.     

从关联产业间的周期关系看钢铁行业的荣衰变化——又到学习“邯钢经验”时

钢铁产业正进入高成本与低收入的困难时期,因此,前些年在高收入与低成本所造成的繁荣时期而被冷落的注重成本管理的“邯钢经验”又将会成为钢铁行业普遍重视的对象。这种情况是由钢铁行业与其上下游行业及国民经济的周期关系决定的。市场经济的基本矛盾和作用机制,使得决定利润率变化的各种性质不同的价格组合,一方面在每个产业内部都具有时间上的继起性,由此决定了每个部门周期的必然性,另一方面在存在着投入产出关系的各产业之间具有空间上的并存性和时间上的继起性,这决定了它们之间的周期关系是不完全同步的,因此,在任何时候都会出现“繁荣中的萧条”与“萧条中的繁荣”现象。不同部门之间既有差异但又具有较高同步性的周期关系,则决定着宏观经济的周期运动。宏观周期同样是由微观机制决定的。     

外债管理的国际经验与启示

本文研究了发达经济体（美、欧、澳、韩）和发展中经济体（俄、印）的外债发展历史和外债管理实践,并基于外债管理的国际经验提供可行性建议,旨在为加快推进我国的外债管理体制改革提供有益借鉴。     

印度资本项目可兑换的经验与启示

印度自1991年以来积极推进资本项目可兑换。经过20年的实践,印度迅速融入国际金融市场,有效抵御了金融危机的冲击,资本项目可兑换取得明显成效,主要特点：一是采取渐进、审慎的方式推进资本项目可兑换;二是坚持控制的主动性和必要时恢复管制的灵活性;三是深化金融改革,为资本项目可兑换创造良好的外部条件;四是注重通过宏观调控手段,优化资本流动结构,解决资本流动中产生的问题;五是加强短期资本流动管制,防止短期资本流动对经济的冲击;六是加强房地产资本管制,防止国际投机资本引发房地产风险。     

Dynamic technological learning trends in Turkish manufacturing industries

Efficient development of industries requires a broad range of technological capabilities which can be acquired only by a long process of learning. Continuous measuring and monitoring of the ever-changing technological learning would be useful for building technological capability and managing technological policies. Nevertheless, research on how to measure the technological learning over time at macro levels remains largely untouched. In this paper, by adding the experience curve into the multifactor productivity part of Neoclassical production function, we will develop a model which will allow one to estimate the technological learning levels over long periods. This model would allow a user to both estimate the past learning experiences and forecast its future path on a time varying basis. The model has been used and tested in the estimation of the annual technological learning values for 28 Turkish manufacturing industries from 1981 to 2000.     

论科技进步条件下的休闲缺失及其克服路径的选择

科学技术的发展为人类的休闲提供了前提和可能，然而现代社会出现了科技进步与休闲缺失的矛盾。本文利用体验经济理论对科技环境下科技进步与休闲缺失之间的矛盾及可持续发展问题作出了理论和实践层次的回答。     

Introducing errors in progress ratios determined from experience curves

Progress ratios (PRs) derived from historical data in experience curves are used for forecasting development of many technologies as a means to model endogenous technical change in for instance climate–economy models. These forecasts are highly sensitive to uncertainties in the progress ratio. As a progress ratio is determined from fitting data, a coefficient of determination R² is frequently used to show the quality of the fit and accuracy of PR. Although this is instructive, we recommend using the error σ_PR in PR, which can be directly determined from fitting the data. In this paper we illustrate this approach for three renewable energy technologies, i.e., wind energy, bio-ethanol, and photovoltaics.     

Incompetency training: Theory, practice, and remedies

“Incompetency training” includes formal and informal instruction that consciously (purposively) or unconsciously imparts knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior (including procedures) that are useless, inaccurate, misleading, and/or will lower performance outcomes of the trainee versus no training or training using alternative training methods. “Imparts” in the definition refers to exposing a trainee to incompetency training; such exposure is not a guarantee that the training increases the trainee's incompetence. This editorial is to stimulate research interest among scholars in incompetency training theory, evidence, and the efficacy of remedies. The editorial offers an early workbench model of incompetency training theory. The theory includes the proposition that executives and associates in firms, academia, and government organizations consciously as well as unknowingly offer incompetency training in many contexts. Increasing trainees' vigilance and ability to recognize exposure to incompetency-training may help trainees to decrease the effectiveness (impact) of exposures to incompetency training—advancing incompetency training theory and knowledge of incompetency training practice may be necessary conditions for remedying negative outcomes that follow from trainees receiving such training. Available evidence supports the first proposition and, to a limited extent, the second proposition.     

新加坡城市土地资源高效利用的经验借鉴

新加坡作为协调发展和土地资源保护的典范,推动土地资源合理高效利用的典型,其土地资源管理、规划和开发的经验对土地资源供需矛盾突出、土地资源集约利用任务艰巨的我国经济发达地区具有重要的借鉴意义。本论文从土地资源开发背景、管理与规划、利用三个方面介绍新加坡土地利用的情况,并总结了新加坡土地资源高效利用的经验,以期对我国城市的土地利用有一些有益的借鉴和参考。     

风险投资、行业经验与创业企业专利组合策略研究

长期以来,对于风险投资能否促进以及如何促进创业企业创新能力在学术界和实践界存在广泛争议,揭示风险投资对创业企业专利组合策略的影响是解决这一问题的关键,但相关研究比较薄弱。以2009-2014年中小板和创业板上市创业企业为样本,利用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）建立实验组和对照组,采用发明专利技术范围和专利重点衡量专利组合策略,实证检验风险投资对创业企业专利组合策略的影响,并进一步检验风险投资是否通过行业经验发挥作用。结果表明,风险投资能拓宽创业企业的专利技术范围,帮助创业企业形成专利重点,风险投资行业经验是影响创业企业专利技术范围的重要因素,但其并未对专利重点发挥作用。研究结论对优化我国创业企业专利战略具有重要实践意义。