Does aid for trade diversify the export structure of recipient countries?

The importance of aid for trade as a tool for facilitating trade, economic growth and social development has received attention since the concept was introduced in 2005. While one of the main targets of aid for trade is export diversification, reflecting the fact that the exports of many developing countries are concentrated in a small range of items, there have not been many efforts to measure the effect of aid for trade on export structure. This study, therefore, attempts to trace the relationship between aid for trade and 133 aid recipients' export structure between 1996 and 2013. Using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index to measure the degree of export concentration, the findings suggest that total aid for trade has reduced the concentration level in the short run. In the long run, on the other hand, aid for trade has had no significant effect on export structure of recipient countries. Only aid for building productive capacity, which is one of the three categories of aid for trade, contributes to lower concentration. Yet, this change is not caused by an increase in export diversity but by the redistribution of shares of existing products of a similar sophistication level.     

小世界网络视角下外向型开放式创新输出机制建模及仿真研究

现有关于网络环境下开放式创新的研究大都聚焦于内向型开放式创新，对于外向型开放式创新的关注不足。为更加真实地展现创新网络中知识创新、创新输出的整体行为机制，基于小世界网络仿真建模方法，从创新输出企业视角，探究创新输出与创新网络、创新绩效之间的内在关系。结果发现：网络关系强度、创新开放度与网络整体知识水平呈正相关关系，而个体网络规模与网络整体知识水平呈非线性相关关系；网络关系强度与网络知识水平分布均匀性呈正相关关系，创新开放度、个体网络规模与网络知识水平分布均匀性均呈非线性相关关系；当企业创新能力较强、解吸能力较弱时，网络整体知识水平和网络知识分布差异较大。创新输出企业可以结合网络结构和网络关系，优化创新网络、主体能力与创新开放度，制定开放策略，从而实现获取创新收益与保持自身竞争优势的双重平衡。     

中国对虾出口贸易的影响因素及潜力分析——基于贸易引力模型

选取中国与主要对虾出口市场 2003-2017年的对虾贸易面板数据。运用引力模型对各影响因素进行回归分析。结果表明。出口市场的经济水平、中国的对虾产量以及 APEC成员对中国对虾的出口有着促进作用。中国与各出口市场的地理距离以及对虾疾病 EMS对对虾的出口有着较弱的阻碍作用。并根据引力模型测算了各出口市场的贸易潜力。其中美国等 12个国家和地区属于潜力再造型出口市场。加拿大属于潜力开拓型出口市场。日本、澳大利亚等15个国家和地区属于潜力巨大型出口市场。根据分析及测算结果分别从企业和政府的角度提出了促进对虾出口贸易发展的政策建议。     

Does Outward Foreign Direct Investment Facilitate China's Export Upgrading?

This paper empirically investigates the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on its export sophistication. Using a provincial‐level panel dataset and applying fixed effects and instrumental variable regression techniques, the study finds that, on average, OFDI has no significant impact on China's export sophistication. However, after the full sample is divided into different regions, the study finds that OFDI has a positive and significant impact on export sophistication in the developed coastal region, but no such impact is observed in the less developed inland regions. Further investigation using a panel threshold model reveals that only when GDP, per capita GDP, human capital, and the research and development intensity of a home economy reach a certain level can OFDI promote export sophistication. The findings suggest that accelerating eco nomic development and increasing absorptive capacity can facilitate the contribution of OFDI to China's export sophistication.     

Does the US EXIM Bank really promote US exports?

This paper investigates the impact of US Export‐Import Bank (EXIM ) on US exports particularly in the wake of international competition from foreign national export credit agencies (ECA s). We employ a gravity framework on a country‐industry‐year‐level panel data set that matches EXIM authorisations with US bilateral exports. Our results depict the general ineffectiveness of the Bank in promoting exports within and across industries. Some heterogeneities behind the general finding are also uncovered: industries other than aerospace parts and products are more likely to benefit from EXIM authorisations, and EXIM authorisations to larger businesses seem to be more effective in encouraging exports. Furthermore, we find no evidence that EXIM encourages US exports by offsetting foreign ECA competition. These results are neither affected by competing countries’ membership to the OECD Arrangement nor by the size of American firms that received EXIM support. Our results cast doubt on the ubiquitously positive claims made by the Bank and its supporters, yet also provide policy lessons for countries that are either in the inception stages of establishing their own ECA s or are now placing greater importance on ECA financing in encouraging exports.     

完善我国的出口退税制度——以应对对我国的补贴指控为视角

文中从应对对我国的补贴指控的角度,分析了我国出口退税制度与 WTO 规则不符的根源,并提出了完善这一制度的建议.     

论出口骗税的防范与治理

随着国际贸易的发展,出口骗税问题日益复杂化和多样化.如何防范和打击出口骗税行为已成为当前一个亟待解决的课题.对此,各国纷纷采取措施,从制度设计、税收管理、监控检查、机构设置等方面对出口骗税进行防范和打击.本文借鉴了国际经验,对我国防范与治理出口骗税提出了建议.     

中国增加值出口贸易的就业效应及其影响因素研究

本文借助多区域投入产出（MRIO）模型测算了中国1995～2009年22个行业的增加值出口及其就业效应,并利用结构分解法（SDA）分析了中国增加值出口贸易的就业效应的影响因素。研究结果发现：总体而言,2000～2009年增加值出口对各行业总就业的边际拉动量均趋于下降,但对大部分行业总就业的拉动量趋于增加。从分技能来看,增加值出口对低技能劳动力就业增长的贡献最大,中等技能劳动力次之,高技能劳动力最小。尽管增加值出口对中国高技能劳动力就业的拉动作用相对较弱,但其呈现强劲的上升态势。进一步考察增加值出口贸易的就业效应的影响因素发现,最终品和中间品出口规模扩张是增加值出口的就业拉动量增加的主要驱动因素,而劳动投入产出系数变动是抑制增加值出口的就业拉动量增加的主要因素。     

美国对华出口管制与美对华贸易逆差:实质与对策

本文运用实证分析方法,对美国对华技术出口管制的历史和现状进行较为系统、深入的分析研究．指出美国对华技术出口管制是造成美对华贸易逆差的主要原因;并就促进美国对华技术出口、实现中美贸易平衡问题,提出了对策和建议。     

打破我国出口信用保险垄断模式的思考

本文从我国出口信用保险的发展现状出发,借鉴国际经验,针对我国国情,对其中已符合市场化运作条件的短期出口业务,分析其商业化优势并思考解决策略及具体步骤。在保持中国信保现有的行业主导模式下,若能针对其中已经发展比较成熟而符合市场化运作条件的短期业务部分,放开一部分市场进入壁垒,允许有条件经营这部分业务的商业保险公司针对严重供需不平衡的中小企业拓展业务,将开发巨大的潜力市场,增进社会福利。