中国农业增长的环境绩效研究

核算1991~2011年中国省际种植业污染排放量,利用Global Malmquist Luenberger指数与农业环境友好指数（AEFI）分析中国农业增长的环境绩效。研究发现,环境约束下农业全要素生产率增长主要由技术进步推动,农业环境绩效的地区差异及省际分化明显,东部地区最优,中部地区最差;除内蒙古外其他各省份的AEFI均小于1,即农业增长环境不友好;是否考虑环境因素对农业增长的绩效评价产生较大影响。     

论农产品现代流通体系建设水平的评价指标

农产品现代流通体系建设水平评价是一个非常复杂的研究课题,建立一个实用的、完善的综合评价体系对于我们描述农产品现代流通体系的完善状况,正确测评、认识、把握农产品现代流通体系创新带来的竞争力提升并对其进行比较,监测农产品现代流通体系建设中的矛盾和问题,并有针对性地制定促进农产品现代流通体系的创新政策具有重要意义。     

Agriculture in transition economies: from common heritage to divergence

The 23 former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) started the transition in 1989–1990 from a common institutional and organizational heritage, represented by the Soviet agricultural model. Despite the common heritage in agriculture, the reform policies in CEE and CIS diverged from the start, as significant differences emerged between the two groups of countries in legal attitudes to private land ownership, transferability of land, the extent of agricultural privatization and individualization, and restructuring of farms. This divergence in the implementation of agricultural reform has led to divergence in standard development measures: the CEE countries are outperforming the CIS countries by growth in GDP and agricultural product since 1992; the productivity of agricultural labor in CEE is generally increasing, and in CIS it is decreasing. While the CIS countries at best can be characterized as reluctant reformers, the CEE countries have achieved significantly higher levels of economic and institutional reform. Better performance in CEE is associated with greater readiness of the governments in these countries to implement a comprehensive package of economic and social reform policies, including more radical land reform and deeper individualization and restructuring of agriculture.     

Measuring the consumer benefits of improving farm animal welfare to inform welfare labelling

Policy makers in the European Union are envisioning the introduction of a community farm animal welfare label which would allow consumers to align their consumption habits with their farm animal welfare preferences. For welfare labelling to be viable the market for livestock products produced to higher welfare standards has to be sufficiently segmented with consumers having sufficiently distinct and behaviourally consistent preferences. The present study investigates consumers’ preferences for meat produced to different welfare standards using a hypothetical welfare score. Data is obtained from a contingent valuation study carried out in Britain. The ordered probit model was estimated using Bayesian inference to obtain mean willingness to pay. We find decreasing marginal WTP as animal welfare levels increase and that people’s preferences for different levels of farm animal welfare are sufficiently differentiated making the introduction of a labelling scheme in the form of a certified rating system appear feasible.     

商业银行吸收存款能力、发行理财及其经济后果研究

本文分析了商业银行吸收存款能力和发行理财产品的关系及其经济后果。本文发现商业银行吸收存款能力越弱,通过理财产品募集资金越多,理财产品收益率越高。具体来说,非四大国有银行,通过理财产品募集资金越多,理财产品收益率越高;银行的网点数量越少,通过理财产品募集资金越多,理财产品的收益率越高;银行所在地区贷存比越高,通过理财产品募集资金越多,理财产品收益率越高;银行所在地区的金融机构密度越大,通过理财募集资金越多,理财产品收益率越高。进一步研究发现,非保本理财产品加大了银行经营业绩波动,从而增大了银行经营风险。     

我国农村信贷关系的博弈分析

在财政支农和正规放贷额度已存在较大制约的情况下,商业性金融在农村的发展至关重要。本文对农村金融信贷关系博弈的研究表明,在信贷交易成本和贷款利率降低的情况下,金融机构和农户的无限次重复博弈可以实现信贷博弈的长期均衡,而这需要以较高的规模效益水平为前提;声誉制约机制可以最大限度地降低农村金融中的信息不对称问题,从而能够部分克服双方信用关系中的"囚徒困境"难题。农业生产的不确定性决定了政策性金融和财政补贴的重要性,商业性金融和政策性金融需要区分对待。     

我国生产性服务业对出口产品竞争优势的影响研究

作为与现代制造业紧密联系的生产性服务业正逐渐成为国民经济的重要组成部分。随着近年来我国制造业成本优势的消失和外资企业的纷纷撤离,如何利用生产性服务业,在世界市场中提高出口产品的竞争优势,是转变产业结构布局、提高经济增长质量的重大问题。本文基于1995~2014年我国30个省份的数据,利用空间计量模型,考虑出口产品竞争优势的空间相关性,生产性服务业的空间作用及非线性作用,研究出口产品竞争优势和生产性服务业的关系。结果表明,在生产要素、环境因素的影响逐步减弱的情势下,科技进步和生产性服务业对出口产品竞争优势有着显著的正向影响。其中,生产性服务业聚集存在一定的负向的空间交互作用,同时也存在非常显著的正向的非线性影响,且后者的影响更大。鉴于生产性服务业对经济的空间重构作用,合理的调整和发展生产性服务业的空间布局,将有利于加强其对出口产品竞争优势的提升作用。     

Farm diversification strategies in northwestern Spain: Factors affecting transitional pathways

The present paper identifies strategies that farmers have undertaken in northwestern Spain, an area characterized by late structural adjustment. For this study, a survey of over 559 farms has been conducted in four areas representative of different specializations and rural situations, from marginal to productive intensification. Farms have been categorized according to social and productive characteristics through a multivariable analysis. Four basic behaviors have been identified and connected with farm types and rural areas using a multiple correspondence analysis. These basic strategies were defined depending on whether investments have been made on farms to increase or intensify production and whether new on- or off-farm diversification activities have been introduced. This analysis allows us to assess transitional pathways for the future and to assume some consequences of farm behavior in connection with structural adjustments. Thus far, empirical evidence shows that the nature and main drivers of the diversification process are different from those in northern European areas. At the same time, a significant level of farm abandonment is registered.     

中国与印度农户金融服务比较分析

中国和印度两国的农户金融服务体系构成性质相同,均为商业金融、政策性金融和合作金融,但业务运行存在实质差别。通过对两国农户金融服务的深入对比显示:一方面,印度商业金融比例高、政策性金融业务广泛深入、合作金融合作性质明显,值得中国学习和借鉴。另一方面,印度农户金融服务的非生产性质需要引起注意,在完善农户金融服务体系的过程中,需要协调生产性与非生产性金融服务的比例和结构。     

Is farming enough in mountain areas? Farm diversification in the Pyrenees

The continuity of farming in mountain areas in Europe is at severe risk and its future faces manifold uncertainties. Mountain farms are immersed in a long-term process of reorganization. Farm diversification plays a prominent role in this process of adjustment and reallocation. However, little work has been done explicitly on the role farm diversification plays in the current structural changes occurring. In order to fill this void, the nature of farm diversification has been examined in the Pyrenees, where four different typologies of farms have been identified: absence of diversification, agricultural diversification, farmland diversification and finally farm labour diversification. These typologies reflect a gradation along which the farm diversification practices are applied to more aspects of the farm household. Throughout this gradation farming is increasingly marginalised. Finally, it is argued that the endorsement of policy measures stimulating farm diversification in mountain regions should be cautiously considered, since there is high risk of encouraging further agricultural abandonment.