关于新疆设施农业又好又快发展的思考

加快发展设施农业是新时期新疆推进现代农业建设、促进农业增效、农民增收的一项重大决策,研究解决设施农业发展中存在的问题,对于更好地发挥设施农业的作用具有重大意义。本文分析了新疆发展设施农业的必要性,以及设施农业发展中存在的一些问题,进而提出了推动设施农业又好又快发展的几点措施和建议。     

Farmers' Preference for Farming: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Farm Survey in India

Using data from a nationally representative farm survey in India, we have analyzed Indian farmers' stated preference for farming as a profession. Findings show that more than 40% of farmers dislike farming as a profession because of low profits, high risk, and lack of social status, yet they continue with it owing to a lack of opportunities outside agriculture. Farmers who express a preference for moving out of agriculture are mostly those with small landholdings, poor irrigation facilities, fewer productive assets including livestock, and follow a cereal‐centric cropping pattern. They also have relatively lower access to credit, insurance, and information, and are weakly integrated with social networks such as self‐help groups and farmers' organizations. Importantly, the disinclination for farming, conditional on other covariates, is not significantly differentiated by caste, an important indicator of social status in rural India. Yet, within a caste group, the dislike for farming moderates with larger landholdings.     

银行理财产品收益率市场化演进机制研究——基于修正Hotelling模型的理论分析与实证检验

本文利用修正的Hotelling模型对我国银行理财产品收益率的市场化演进机制进行了理论分析,并使用2005至2019年的银行理财产品历史数据进行了实证检验,得到了一系列结论。第一,收益率落后的“输家”银行下期将以更大的相对幅度提高其收益率,呈现出“输家”追赶“赢家”的锦标赛竞争机制。第二,上述竞争机制受到“输家”银行排名、不同银行之间收益率差距和监管政策的影响。“输家”银行排名越靠后、不同银行之间的收益率差距越大,那么,下期“输家”银行提高其理财产品收益率的相对幅度就越大,不同银行之间的竞争行为就越强烈;与之相对的,监管政策越严,则不同银行之间的竞争强度越弱。本文的研究结论对进一步深入理解我国存款市场化利率的形成机制、加强对商业银行的监管和引导有一定的借鉴和启示意义。     

改善和提高吉林省农产品出口环境和能力研究

吉林省是农业大省,扩大农产品出口规模,对吉林省经济发展至关重要。本文根据全球农产品市场环境及发展趋势,分析了吉林省农产品出口的现状及存在的问题,提出了改善吉林省农产品出口环境、提高吉林省农产品出口能力的建议。     

基于多元回归的中美高技术产品贸易研究

美国长期以来都是中国高技术产品贸易的重要合作伙伴,对中国贸易和相关产业的发展有着举足轻重的作用。本文首先对中美高技术产品贸易现状进行分析,明确中美高技术贸易所具有的贸易规模不断扩大、贸易构成不平衡和我国贸易竞争力薄弱的特点;再通过对中美高技术产品贸易影响因素的分析,从技术创新角度找到影响高技术产品贸易的主要因素;最后为促进两国贸易发展提出建议。     

东亚与欧盟区域的产品需求结构与贸易模式

东亚和欧盟分别表现为外需主导型和内需主导型的贸易模式。两种不同的贸易模式对经济发展产生着不同的影响。由于东亚区域对外部最终产品市场的严重依赖,所以,后危机时代下,东亚贸易模式转型的必要性更加明显。但是,东亚贸易模式的转型将是一个长期的过程,而中国将在这个过程中发挥重要的作用。     

中德两国木质家具出口贸易的比较研究——基于1997--2009年数据的实证分析

通过1997--2009年的贸易数据对中德两国的木质家具出口贸易进行了比较研究。利用CMS模型测算了拉动两国木质家具出口增长的原因,进而通过显性比较优势指数和贸易结合度指数的测算,实证分析了中德两国各自具有比较优势的产品类型以及双边木质家具贸易的结合程度。结果发现,竞争力效应和一般增长效应分别是拉动中国和德国木质家具出口增长的主要因素,两国分别在不同种类的产品上具有比较优势且两国问的木质家具贸易结合程度不高,具有巨大的合作发展潜力。     

‘Good’ farm management employment: Emerging values in the contemporary Irish dairy sector

The number of Irish dairy farms with herds greater than 100 cows has increased from 4.5 % in 2005 to 23 % in 2016. The abolition of the dairy quota in 2015 has led to predictions that this trend will continue and that an additional 6000 people will be required to work on dairy farms by 2025. Ownership of farms is esteemed, with farm employment perceived as a poor second option, so it is necessary to identify possible routes towards creating 'good' farm employment relationships. This paper explores the social, cultural and economic values of employers and employees in the context of early experiences of farm employment in post-quota Ireland. Using narrative analysis, this study found that employees gained esteem and pride from acquiring managerial responsibilities and receiving recognition for their abilities and accomplishments from their employers. Greater social recognition of employ’ abilities by peer groups and in networks (social capital) cemented ‘good employee’ status. Employers, in a context of unprecedented dairy production expansion, emphasised the need for and demonstrated changing of power structures to open up the farm to new forms of influence. However, employers’ reflexivity in support of employment relationships was undermined overall by what the management literature calls a weak ‘rewards system’ for employees. Without the supportive scaffolding of a formalised rewards system, relational gestures of responsibility-devolution and employ’ appreciation of employees may be insufficient to sustain quality farm management employment in the long term. Inevitably, this diminishes the attractiveness of farm employment, limiting the drawing of talent not only into farm employment but into associated capacity-building programmes.     

安全标准与农产品贸易:中国与主要贸易伙伴的实证研究

国际农产品贸易引起争端的安全标准的大量存在,表明市场自身力量不足以纠正失灵,农产品市场的独有特征构成安全标准广泛实施的理由。文章测算了十年间一项具体农产品安全标准—黄曲霉素最大允许含量标准,对一组发达国家和一组包括中国在内的亚洲发展中国家的水果/坚果类产品的贸易影响程度。政策模拟结果显示,进口国协调采用国际标准将产生更大的贸易促进效果。     

酶联免疫法与液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产中氯霉素残留

运用酶联免疫法和液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产中的氯霉素残留。结果显示,ELISA法最低检测限为0.0125μg/kg,鱼、虾、贝类样本的添加回收率为80.4%-101.3%,变异系数为5.7%-11.5%;LC-MS/MS法最低检测限为0.1μg/kg,样本添加回收率为82.7%-98.2%,变异系数为6.2%-9.7%。用酶联免疫法对实际样品进行检测,筛选出5个阳性样本,经液相色谱-串联质谱法确证亦为阳性,且测定结果一致。研究表明,酶联免疫法快速、灵敏、可靠,为水产品中氯霉素的残留检测提供了快速筛选方法,而液相色谱-串联质谱法准确度高,适用于阳性样本的确证和精确定量。