服务型制造的实施路径研究——以宁波制造产业为例

在制造业发展的外部环境发生着深刻变化、制造业日益变得"服务密集"的背景下,国家与地方为了在全球性竞争中胜出,都在努力探寻服务型制造有效可行的实施路径。宁波制造产业在遵循服务型制造基本运行机理的基础上,构建了具有宁波特色的服务型制造实施体系,并取得了显著成效。服务型制造实施路径的"宁波模式",为其他地区服务型制造的发展提供了学习、借鉴的样本。     

Implementation of accounting reforms

Abstract

Innovations in financial and accounting techniques represent a fundamental aspect of the reforms undergone by public administrations in recent decades. The article presents the results of a survey, conducted on 237 local governments, whose purpose is to assess the implementation of accounting reforms in Italy, aimed at introducing accruals reporting in the traditional budgetary accounting system to enhance accountability and transparency in the overall modernization process. The analysis shows that the importance of cash- and commitment-based accounting in the overall system is overwhelming, whereas the marginality of the ‘new’ accrual-based reporting is evident. In the opinions of preparers, accruals accounting is not seen as a useful tool and the link with internal needs and managerial control systems is absent. Is the time ripe for a new reform?     

在高校体育教学中良好体现教学艺术

体育教学艺术不仅能促进体育教学的顺利进行,而且还能给予人们一种美的享受。笔者就体育教学艺术的重要性、体现等方面谈了自己的理解和看法。     

Spatial development policy: changing roles for local and regional authorities in the Netherlands

Implementation of spatial policy involves intervention in the land market. In the Netherlands local government also acts as a land developer. Due to an increase in activities in the land market by private actors and an increase in the geographical scale of economic and social processes, this practice is under threat. This paper analyses the background and evolution of Dutch spatial development policy during the last ten years, from the perspective of governmental directive function for spatial policy. It focuses on the multi-level governance between local and regional governments and between local government and private actors.     

土地利用规划实施评价的指标体系构建

研究目的:为科学地开展上轮规划实施评价提供依据,为同类研究提供参考。研究方法:文献研究、理论研究和系统工程分析方法。研究结果:提出了土地利用规划实施评价指标体系的建立原则,构建了土地利用规划实施评价的指标体系。研究结论:系统地设计了土地利用规划实施评价指标体系的框架,政策执行评价指标(控制指标)体系、土地利用程度提升评价指标(非控制指标)体系、规划方案实施效果和社会影响评价指标体系、规划实施后经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的评价指标体系。     

Assessing land use plan implementation: Bridging the performance-conformance divide

The assessment of land use plan implementation is a contentious issue. The debate centers on whether the crucial evaluation element is conformance of development to plan directives or alternatively, plan performance, i.e. the degree to which the plan is actually used. An analytic framework combining both conformance and performance in the evaluation of (regional) land use plans is applied to the case of the Central District Plan in Israel. Qualitative and quantitative simulation methods are exploited. Qualitative analysis reveals that both performance and conformance are greater than indicated by non-contextualized, numeric evaluations. Additionally, high conformance does not necessarily imply good plan performance. Quantitative simulation suggests that plan performance with respect to land values and densities is initially pronounced as expectations for development are subdued but subsequently tends to wane merging with the counterfactual trend. Findings imply that plan assessment needs to consider the transaction costs of land use re-designation and actors’ perceptions of the probability that plan amendments will be approved. These perceptions differ across actors as a function of the political influence that they wield.     

土地利用规划实施监管研究进展与体系框架建设构想

研究目的:通过分析总结土地利用规划实施监管工作实践经验和理论研究成果,提出构建中国土地利用规划实施监管体系的设想。研究方法:文献查阅法。研究结果:通过研究中国当前土地利用规划实施过程中存在的问题,提出了土地利用规划实施监管的必要性;分析当前国内外研究进展,构思了中国土地利用规划实施监管体系。研究结论:土地利用规划实施监管框架体系建设是推动规划实施监管,保护中国有限耕地资源,保障国家粮食安全,以及促进土地集约节约、合理、高效利用的有效措施。     

中国林权改革政策分析——基于林业经济与生态二维功能的视角

在林业生态功能日益突现的语境下,中国林权改革政策蕴含着公共政策价值取向的变化,同时也反映了在林业产业特殊性基础之上,林业经营者摆脱固有林业效益提升困境的基本诉求。林业生产经营基本架构的重构、经营方式和行为的变革,必然通过公共政策的制度保障方式得以落实。对当前林权改革政策的结构体系、林业发展政策理念、执行机制与绩效的公共政策进行分析,就成为把握当前林权改革进程,调整林权改革政策的重要方式。通过分析可以发现,林权改革政策层次之间有效支持度不高、公共政策价值与市场效益诉求的内在矛盾性、林改政策执行中缺乏全局视野与掌握力,是造成林业改革出现问题的主要原因,对林权改革政策体系的优化与整合是问题解决的基点。     

How do Agricultural Programmes Alter Crop Production? Evidence from Ecuador

Evaluating agricultural programmes requires considering not only the programmes’ influence on input and output indicators, but also considering the relationship between these indicators as embodied in the production technology. This article examines the impact on production of an intervention in the Ecuadorian Sierra designed to improve returns to potato production through training and through linking smallholders to high‐value markets. Critical to identifying the impact of the programme is the careful construction of a counterfactual and meticulous data collection. To assess the impact of the programme on production, a weighted estimation, where weights are constructed through propensity score matching, is employed to estimate a production function within a damage abatement framework. The function incorporates a series of interaction terms to assess the impact of the programme on the production technology. The findings provide evidence that the programme enhances yields both through a general shift in technology as well as increased input use. The results suggest that the use of effective farming techniques that are learned through the programme induce this technological shift.     

CEO duality and firm performance: A contingency model

Several studies have addressed the CEO duality-performance relationship, with inconsistent results. This paper proposes that these inconsistencies can be resolved by integrating agency and stewardship perspectives on duality. Using data from 192 firms in 12 industries, both the direction and magnitude of the duality-performance relationship was found to vary systematically across Dess and Beard's (1984) environmental dimensions. These results provide partial support for both agency and stewardship perspectives.