从财政分权看我国地方政府发行公债的必要性

举债权是规范的分税制赋予地方政府应有的财权。在财政分权的框架下,一级政权,一级事权,一级财权是题中之义。本文首先从财政分权理论出发,指出发行市政债是地方融资平台的替代措施。     

高等职业教育应加强大学生法律素养的培养

加强高等职业院校大学生法律素养教育,是适应新世纪法制社会发展和培养高等职业技术人才的客观需要,也是发挥法律课程功能、提高人才培养质量的必要途径。合理设置课程体系、更新整合教学内容、适度改革教学方法和营造校园法律文化氛围,是加强高等职业院校大学生法律素养教育的基本途径。     

金融生态环境对银行监管目标的影响研究

本文选取适当指标衡量金融生态环境和银行监管目标,通过采用主成分分析(PCA)、ADF平稳性检验和格兰杰因果检验等计量分析方法,对2003~2011年间中国金融生态环境与银行监管目标之间相互作用的因果关系进行了实证研究。结果显示,金融生态环境对银行监管目标存在影响。具体地,宏观经济环境和信用环境对公平性目标具有显著影响;制度环境和监管环境对效率性目标具有显著影响;金融生态环境对于稳定性目标的影响则不太显著。     

国有商业银行亏损问题研究

由于产权单一、多次降息、资产质量差、无序竞争、财政虚收等十个方面的主客观原因 ,导致了我国国有商业银行严重的经营亏损 ,潜藏着巨大的金融风险 ,但由于有国家信用的强力支撑 ,暂时不会出现金融危机。要解决国有银行亏损问题 ,必须为其创造良好外部环境、进行产权制度改革、发展全能银行和加强金融监管。     

Effects of different dimensions of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance in tourism-related industries

Although the stakeholder framework proposes the multidimensionality of corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Clarkson, 1995), previous research has yet to investigate the relationship between certain dimensions of CSR and corporate financial performance (CFP) in tourism-related industries. The purpose of this study was to disaggregate CSR into five dimensions based on corporate voluntary activities for five primary stakeholder issues: (1) employee relations, (2) product quality, (3) community relations, (4) environmental issues, and (5) diversity issues, and examine how each dimension would affect financial performance among firms within four tourism-related industries (airline, casino, hotel, and restaurant). While all CSR dimensions were proposed to have positive financial effects, results revealed that each dimension had a differential effect on both short-term and future profitability and that such financial impacts varied across the four industries. The findings can provide tourism managers with insights into which dimensions of CSR activities would improve their companies’ financial performance.     

Moderating effect of capital intensity on the relationship between leverage and financial distress in the U.S. restaurant industry

During the recent and ongoing economic turmoil, countless businesses have been facing financial distress and many have filed for bankruptcy. This issue is especially critical for the restaurant industry due to restaurants’ sensitivity to economic fluctuations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the financial distress issue in the U.S. restaurant industry. In particular, the study examines a moderating effect of capital intensity on the relationship between a firm's leverage and degree of financial distress. The dataset includes publicly traded U.S. restaurant firms during the period 1990–2008. The study measures the degree of financial distress by modified Z-scores, and findings suggest a positive moderating effect of capital intensity on the relationship between leverage and financial distress.     

国有商业银行上市对银行业效率水平的影响——基于Malmquist生产率指数的实证分析

文章基于我国15家各类性质银行在1996-2010年经营效率数据基础上,利用数据包络分析法(DEA),对我国银行1996-2010年经营效率进行总体评价与分析,报告了我国银行业务经营效率水平。通过应用Malmquist生产率指数对银行业务经营效率变动得进行了调查和测量,结果反映了银行上市后银行业效率提高幅度明显,尤其是国有银行进步最快,但我国商业银行普遍存在规模报酬递减的状况,需要进一步提高规模报酬。从动态上看,我国银行业1996-2003年全要素生产率总体上出现小幅的下降,但2004年以后,随着国有银行逐步上市,我国银行业全要素生产率得到了稳步的提升。笔者认为我国银行需不断拓展表外业务、提高日常管理水平、吸收更多高学历人才和增加新兴技术的自主创新。     

新会计准则认识及应用准备情况调查与分析

新会计准则的颁布是我国会计史上一次历史性的变革,对我国社会经济生活产生了深远的影响,同时也对企业财务人员和财务系统的适应能力提出了巨大的挑战。为评估各类企业对新会计准则的认识及应对情况,本文选取了五省市的86家企业进行了问卷调查。结果表明,各类企业整体支持新会计准则,但认识理解深度不够;企业的财务系统的适应存在风险,实际运用有一定困难。在上述调查的基础上,我们对新会计准则的推广运用提出了进一步的讨论与建议。     

Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） Adoption on Key Financial Ratios＂ The Case of the Czech Republic

This contribution analyzes the impact of new International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） reporting rules on financial ratios prepared in the Czech companies. Using a sample of 16 Czech firms, we attempt to measure the scope and size of the differences in the selected set of financial ratios as calculated with data reported according to the traditional Czech accounting standards （CAS） and under the IFRS provisions. Our study discovers that there are important differences resulting from the two reporting formats. Our research comes to a conclusion that translation of Czech statements to IFRS may cause changes in the values of financial indicators without relationship to the real change in the firms＇ value, performance, and stability. Even though the findings were not statistically significant, the indicative results of our measurements disclosed an important fact that the transition to IFRS could cause deterioration of key indicators and thereby could impact on the overall rating of companies. One needs to be cautious with generalization due to the small sample size.     

我国金融发展对国际贸易的影响及区域差异——基于跨省面板数据的协整分析和广义矩估计

本文针对有关我国金融发展影响国际贸易的现有研究只重视国家层面、忽视区域差异的事实,基于跨省面板数据,运用面板协整理论和广义矩估计方法,不仅就全国整体,更深入东、中、西部区域内部实证分析了我国金融发展对国际贸易影响的长期均衡和短期动态影响。结果表明:无论是在长期,还是在短期,全国金融发展对进、出口都有着显著的促进作用,但在不同区域,其影响差异显著。其中,东部地区金融发展对进出口的长期促进作用明显大于中、西部地区;而短期内,虽然东部金融发展促进了进出口,但中、西部金融发展却不同程度地制约了进出口的发展。