Local cuisines and destination marketing: cases of three cities in Shandong,China

This study analyzes how the three cities of Jinan, Qingdao, and Qufu in Shandong Province of China use their cuisines in promoting their destinations. Based on a critical review of previous studies, a conceptual framework was developed, which included five closely related areas: foods, beverages, dining, farming, and food festivals. All related texts, images, videos, brochures, booklets, and websites designed to market these three cities were content-analyzed. The study findings suggest that all the three cities have not yet fully utilized their cuisines in their destination marketing efforts. Although some of their culinary resources appear in their marketing materials, the local cuisines of these three cities are not yet skillfully integrated into their marketing efforts. The present study offers specific theoretical and practical implications on marketing the culinary resources of destinations that are in the early stages of their development.     

The business model and balanced scorecard in creative tourism: the ultimate strategy boosters

Despite the various studies on creative tourism, little managerial frameworks such as a business model and a balanced scorecard are investigated for this new phenomenon. The overall image that emerges from the literature is ambiguous and fuzzy. Also, many activities known as creative tourism experiences may provide new participative experiences but rarely include a creative process. This study covers a whole aspect in designing a feasibility test model for creative experiences based on balanced scorecard through qualitative content analysis and as the essence of that, a Business Model by content validity and clustering analysis. Analysis of data by the mentioned methods reveals that four perspectives and 13 critical success factors are essential for the feasibility of a creative tourism experience. In addition, 22 indicators in 3 main dimensions determine the success of a creative tourism business model. This study is part of a growing body of research focused on discovering hidden aspects of creative tourism.     

多气源掺混作为城市燃气过渡气源在实际中的应用

为了解决青岛市煤气供需不平衡的矛盾,为引进天然气作好前期准备,我公司将多种气源(焦炉煤气、焦炉烟道气、空气、全水煤气、半水煤气、液化石油气、石化厂净化干气)均匀掺混,掺混后的煤气热值控制在15 675～17000 kJ/m3(适合青岛市燃具),含氧量不大于4.0%.通过实际应用,多气源掺混供气,满足了供气需要,可以作为过渡气源满足城市燃气转换成天然气的需要.     

Two new proofs of Afriat’s theorem

Summary. We provide two new, simple proofs of Afriats celebrated theorem stating that a finite set of price-quantity observations is consistent with utility maximization if, and only if, the observations satisfy a variation of the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference known as the Generalized Axiom of Revealed PreferenceReceived: 12 June 2003, Revised: 9 October 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: D11, C60.Correspondence to: A. Fostel     

A Note on the Joint Distribution of α, β-Percentiles and Its Application to the Option Pricing

In this paper, using Laplace transform, we will calculate the joint density of twopercentiles of stock prices in the Black–Sholes model and make the price of exchange options of such twopercentiles.     

Estimating the term structures of corporate debt

This paper investigates the corporate bond market by estimating monthly interest rate term structures for investment grade credit classes using both S&P's and Moody's ratings. Term structures are modeled by a piecewise constant forward rate curve and estimated on noncallable coupon paying bonds issued by industrial firms. The iterative estimation algorithm minimizes the sum of squared errors between market prices and model prices while identifying and removing outliers from the sample. Although the forward rate model is successful at pricing corporate debt, additional factors are found to be significant at explaining the residual price error that remains after the forward rate model is fit to market prices. Six necessary no-arbitrage conditions are derived for the term structures of risky and risk-free debt. Occasionally, some of these no-arbitrage conditions are violated and a few violations are asymptotically statistically significant. Finally, trading strategies that capture mispricing in the corporate debt market and violations of no-arbitrage bounds are discussed.This paper was adapted from my dissertation, completed at Cornell University. An earlier version of this paper was titled The Term Structures of Corporate Debt. Thanks to participants at the Cornell University finance workshop, Warren Bailey, Peter Carr, Antoine Giannetti, and especially Robert Jarrow for their helpful comments.     

新时期高职院校数学教学改革探讨

中国的高等职业教育已经进入一个崭新的阶段,无论是招生数量,还是师资力量都呈现出一个全新的面貌。但相对于本科教育还是存在很多不足之处。本文就高职院校的数学教学提出一些个人的看法,以期与各位朋友共同探讨。     

内容分析法在企业管理研究中的应用评述

通过对内容分析法的定义和分类进行回顾和总结，阐述了内容分析法在企业管理研究中的应用现状，介绍了应用内容分析法研究企业的经营管理问题和员工管理问题的具体实例，明晰了内容分析法在企业管理研究中应用的优势和不足，初步探讨了该方法的应用前景和在未来研究中应采取的措施。     

Ex Ante Incentives for Earnings Management and the Informativeness of Earnings

This study examines the relation between ex ante incentives of insurance managers to engage in earnings management to meet regulatory standards and the informativeness of earnings. This study extends prior research by simultaneously examining the effects of earnings management and uncertainty about earnings as suggested by Collins and DeAngelo (1990) and Imhoff and Lobo (1992). Results from a sample of 375 quarterly earnings announcements of 41 property and liability insurers during the period 1989 to 1992 support the hypothesis that when managers' incentives for earnings management are high, earnings announcements are less informative to investors (even after controlling for uncertainty associated with exposure to large-scale catastrophes). Robustness tests suggest that our results are not attributable to firm size, time period effects, firm effects, accounting estimation error, or financial distress risk. These results are consistent with investors using publicly available information to predict P-L insurance managers' ex ante incentives to manage earnings to meet regulatory standards, and that they use this information in forming their beliefs about earnings quality.     

关于如何建立教育网站的思考

随着信息化建设的浪潮,我区的许多教育网站应运而生。但是,目前网络上许多网站提供的学习资源还存在着系统性、实用性较差、结构松散等问题。学习者往往在网上漫游多时,获得的价值资料却不多,难以满足教育培养目标的需求。