Subjective food-risk judgements in tourists

Sources of risk in contemporary tourism vary over a long array of phenomena ranging from the risk of terror attacks to risks related to food and consumption. Currently, alleged food-risk sources such as Creutzfeldt–Jacobs Disease (CJD; commonly known as “Mad Cow Disease”), Salmonella, Scrapie disease and even genetically modified food are salient in mass media.In the present study, we addressed the pervasiveness of tourists’ judgements of such food-related risks. As part of a larger study, some 1880 individual tourists (from 48 different nations) answered a questionnaire pertaining to food-risk issues. Based on the logics of the availability heuristic, we expected that food risks would be judged to be lower in one's own home country than abroad. We also expected that people would rate various sources for food risk differently when rating food risks at home and abroad.The results indicate that risks linked to food are indeed perceived to be higher abroad than at home, regardless of where the respondents’ homes are, although attributions of risk to the various risk sources seem to vary between at home and abroad. The results also show a significant, but moderate correlation between travel experience and food-risk judgements abroad and at home. The results also indicate cultural differences in risk judgements concerning food.     

发射分集系统在空间相关莱斯快衰落信道下的性能

我国加入WTO以后,对于上海的发展是一个千栽难逢的机遇,同时也给上海的发展带来新的挑战。本文通过详实的资料分析了上海经济发展的现状和制约上海进一步发展的问题,并运用市场营销新理论,提出构建上海现代化大都市的营销战略。     

具有天线选择与中继选择的空间调制技术

针对空间调制（SM）技术存在的缺欠,提出了具有天线选择和中继选择的空间调制系统方案。首先在多输入多输出(MIMO)信道模型下,通过对发送端天线选择,将拥有最佳信道状态的天线选出进行SM,打破SM技术对发送端天线数的限制,并提升采用高阶调制的SM分集性能。然后进一步将此思想引入协作通信网络,结合传感器网络的分级观念,提出采用中继选择和空间调制的中继传输协议,并通过仿真观察系统分集性能的改善。仿真结果表明,上述中继传输协议不仅能提升系统性能,而且使系统配置更加灵活。     

Where do international board members come from? Country-level antecedents of international board member selection in European boards

In this paper, it is argued that boards internationalize by recruiting international directors in order to increase companies’ performance. However, increasing nationality diversity on a board can be costly considering that it potentially creates cooperative problems on a board due to fault-lines and separation processes. As a result, boards will prefer international candidates who are more similar to themselves on a variety of ‘distances’. Based on data collected regarding 5683 board members of 361 companies from 15 countries in 2005–2007, we discover that the greater the distance (cultural, institutional and geographical) between the candidates’ and the companies’ country-of-origin, the lower the fraction of board members of that nationality on boards. Subsequently, it is argued that historical ties between countries play a ‘distance compressing’ role and partially compensate for the effects of distance. A colonial tie between countries will make recruitment of these particular nationalities more likely than others.     

Demand for meat and dairy products by Turkish households: a Bayesian censored system approach

We extend the Tobit (censored) linear equation system procedure to utility‐theoretic demand functions, along with a mapping mechanism to impose the adding‐up restriction implied by consumer utility maximization theory—a theoretical restriction very often ignored in previous empirical studies with censored demand systems. In this context, the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure is applied to the censored linear approximate almost ideal demand system (LAIDS) for 12 food products, using data from the Turkish Household Expenditure Survey. All own‐price elasticities are negative and expenditure elasticities positive. Uncompensated own‐price elasticities for rural households are generally much higher than those for their urban peers, though demand for most food products are own‐price elastic for both types of households. The differential patterns in demand elasticities between urban and rural households become even more evident (almost twice) as relatively more expensive foodstuffs are consumed, showing that accessibilities to alternative products have made rural Turkish households more cognizant toward price changes in foods. Household characteristics play a key role in food expenditures, notably so in urban areas, and regional and seasonal differences are also present.     

Aquaculture imports from Asia: an analysis of U.S. consumer demand for select food quality attributes

The increasing share of imported food in the United States, coupled with highly publicized incidents of food contamination and adulteration in Asia, particularly China, is posing new challenges for consumers and food safety regulators. In this study, we focus on imported shrimp and tilapia, to evaluate consumer willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for enhanced food safety, use of antibiotics, and eco‐friendly environmental practices. Results show that U.S. consumers were willing‐to‐pay more for enhanced food safety, followed by the use of no antibiotics and environmental friendly production practices. American consumers in our sample were found to have a higher WTP for domestic products and placed more trust on U.S. government verification of product attributes followed by third‐party certification.     

金属食品包装罐中三聚氰胺迁移规律的研究

系统研究了金属食品包装罐中三聚氰胺在食品模拟物中的迁移规律。考察了4种典型样品在不同食品模拟物、灭菌时间、灭菌温度、货架存放以及高温运输条件下三聚氰胺迁移量的变化情况,采用高效液相色谱法测定其迁移量。结果表明三聚氰胺在酸性食品中迁移风险最高,而且在金属罐装食品的实际生产运输时,需严格控制高温灭菌温度、时间以及避免高温长时间运输,以降低金属食品包装罐中三聚氰胺向所接触食品发生迁移的风险。     

进口红葡萄酒中病原微生物的检测

采用GB4789.2-2010进行菌落总数的测定,将菌落总数超标的菌落接种至营养肉汤进行增菌,接种选择性平板后挑取可疑菌落按VITEK操作手册对病原微生物进行鉴定。结果表明：从进口红葡萄酒中检出粪肠球菌和尿放线杆菌。因此,检验检疫机构在日常工作中应充分重视对低风险进口食品的检验把关,保证进口产品的质量安全,保护消费者健康。     

现代乳制品工业中食品工程高新技术的应用分析

现代食品工程高新技术由于科技水平不断进步而得到飞速发展,在食品工业的各个领域都得到了广泛的应用。目前,很多食品工程高新技术应用于现代乳制品工业中,给乳制品工业带来了新的技术、新的发展环境。随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高,对乳制品的需求也必然提出更高的要求。因此,如何在乳品工业中全面推进高新技术的研究与推广,是今后我国乳业面临的迫切任务。而运用食品工程高新技术能够促进现代乳制品工业的发展,完善乳制品工业生产体制,提高乳制品产品质量。     

我国小城镇餐饮业的发展状况与对策

我国小城镇餐饮业在近年来发展速度非常快,无论是数量、规模和经济效益上都比较明显,但是在发展过程中也存在一些问题。本文阐述了我国小城镇餐饮业发展现状、特点以及发展过程中存在的问题,并对我国小城镇餐饮产业的战略性发展提出了对策建议。