Patent Protection, Transnational Corporations, and Market Structure: A Simulation Study of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

This study examines the role of patent protection on the behavior of transnational corporations and market structure in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The method of analysis is the calibration of a theoretical model to firm-level data from two therapeutic groups of the Indian pharmacy market, and a simulation analysis asking the hypothetical question of what the market structure would be if India granted patent protection to pharmaceutical products. The model developed for the simulation analysis explicitly accounts for the complex demand structure for pharmaceutical goods that results from the presence of therapeutic substitute drugs, and product differentiation among chemically equivalent drugs.     

Research on China＇s Direct Investment to EU Under the Background of European Debt Crisis

近年来，中国对欧盟的直接投资出现了爆发式增长。欧洲主权债务危机的爆发及持续蔓延，引发了对全球经济“二次探底”的担忧，也给中国对欧盟直接投资带来了新的问题。本文在实证分析的基础上，认为中国对欧投资的超常增长并不是金融危机以来才发生的；欧债危机虽给中国企业对欧投资提供了机遇，但也带来了更多的障碍和风险。因此，要继续扩大对欧直接投资，就必须正确认识中国对欧盟直接投资的战略意义，厘清存在的障碍和风险，从而有针对性地对欧盟内部不同的区域市场和行业进行直接投资。     

论我国碳排放权交易体系的构建

全球变暖是当今世界必须面对的重要环境问题,而碳排放权交易正是最有效的减排制度。目前,该制度在各国已得到广泛实践,而我国碳排放权交易体系的构建尚处于探索阶段。为此,我国应借鉴国际经验,选择适合中国的碳排放权交易机制,构建起有中国特色的碳排放权交易体系。     

跨境电子商务存在问题与发展对策

跨境电子商务具有全球性、无形性、匿名性、即时性、无纸化和快速演进等特征,已成为我国国际贸易的新方式和新手段。目前,跨境电子商务随着政府扶持利好频出,市场增长前景可期,行业助力发展迅速,拉内需促就业效果明显,市场竞争日趋激烈。面对发展跨境电子商务面临的消费者不信任、服务体系不完善以及语言、地理环境因素等问题,发展跨境电子商务的措施是:认清消费者信任的网上购物者和付款者的最佳组合商业模式;熟悉语言文化环境,整合资源链;熟知通转关、商检、保险、物流配送、金融结算流程,推动跨境电商跨领域跨经营环节合作。     

制造业企业会计政策选择之纳税筹划研究

纳税人在进行纳税筹划过程中都普遍认为,只要进行纳税筹划就可以减轻税收负担,增加自身收益,而很少甚至根本不考虑纳税筹划的风险。其实,纳税筹划作为一种计划决策方法,本身也是有风险的。当然,制造业企业生产经营中的具体纳税筹划应在企管中统筹安排。     

GLOBALISATION: PAST AND PRESENT

This article compares and contrasts the two modern eras of globalisation, namely the one that started in the mid-nineteenth century and ended on the eve of World War I, and the contemporary era. Although in both periods globalisation brought down national barriers and integrated economies and societies, there were distinct characteristic features of both periods. For example, the scale of global integration through trade and financial channels during the contemporary era was unmatched by the previous phase of globalisation. Furthermore, never in history had global integration involved so many countries and people, both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of the global population.     

Consumers' reaction to fair trade motivated price increases

Consumer perception of price increases and their reactions are a topic of great relevance for marketing research and practice. We investigate consumers' acceptance of price increases justified by higher costs due to company's corporate socially responsible activities by conducting two experimental studies. In the first study we examine perceived fairness and intentions following a price increase justified by a fair trade commitment. To assess the green attitude–behavior gap in consumer behavior our second study incorporates a real world experiment to explore actual consumer behavior against stated intentions. Our investigation adds nuance to our understanding of the effects of corporate social responsibility on consumer response to price increases. Our results reveal that a price increase due to a fair trade commitment is perceived as fair and does not have a negative impact on purchase behavior. We contrast our findings with a price increase due to higher taxes and due to profit increase. Our results demonstrate that fair trade justified price increases can skim twice the amount compared to tax justified increases. Furthermore, consumers' actual buying behavior reveals no difference to their stated intentions. Hence, prior research proclaiming an attitude–behavior gap in the context of consumers' socially responsible buying behavior has to be called into question.     

中国对外贸易战略调整及其转换路径：一个文献综述

加入WTO以来,中国对外贸易战略的走向引起社会各界的广泛关注,讨论和争议的焦点主要集中在如何进行战略选择及具体的转化路径。对相关文献的综述、梳理表明,中国适合选择多元化的贸易战略,并根据时代变迁及时动态调整。     

流通领域重点监测商品品类的筛选方法——以深圳为例的静态研究

在市场蓬勃发展、商品品种繁多、流通渠道多样的情况下,采取有效的方法确定需要重点进行质量监测的商品范围将有助于工商行政管理部门履行好国务院赋予的流通领域商品质量监测职能。本文以深圳为例介绍了一种静态的筛选方法。     

国外"农民工"社会保障经验及其借鉴

社会保障是一个国家社会经济活动中不可缺少的重要组成部分.本文重点介绍了德国、英国、美国、印度等国家在农村劳动力转移过程中医疗、养老、失业等方面的相关保障措施,进而对我国“农民工“社会保障制度的改革与完善提出了几点建议,如加强社会保障立法建设、降低进入门槛、扩大保障面、社保基金由私营机构而非政府机构经营管理等.