Grain price stabilization in India: Evaluation of policy alternatives

Stabilization of prices is an important element of food policy in India as in most other countries — both developing and eveloped. However, since the magnitude of grain stocks held for this purpose as well as the costs of physical storage have become prohibitively high, there is now a need for finding cost-effective alternatives including non interventionist and market-oriented methods for price stabilization. In this paper we consider the case of rice and wheat which are staple foodgrains in India. We make a comparison between alternative price stabilization policies including that of holding buffer stocks in terms of their impact on domestic price stability, producer and consumer welfare and government costs. A multi-market equilibrium framework is used where private storage, consumption, supply and prices of rice and wheat are determined simultaneously. Indian exports and imports are assumed to affect world prices. The alternative price stabilizing mechanisms are ranked according to both the criteria, welfare and price stability achieved. The main findings are as follows. The ranking of alternatives varies with the criterion used. Greater price stability need not necessarily imply greater welfare. The option of variable levies on private external trade turns out to be the most inexpensive and that of domestic buffer stocks the costliest in achieving price stability. Further, the efficacy of buffer stocks and subsidy to private storage in stabilizing prices is lower under free trade as compared to the case where the economy is closed to private external trade.     

建设自由贸易港区与国家综合配套改革试验区

综合配套改革这一全新的改革思路和理念的提出,为建设自由贸易港区提供了条件。同时,自由贸易港区的建设,也赋予了综合配套改革以新的特征。当前,上海浦东新区、深圳特区和天津滨海新区应当充分利用综合配套改革的政策优势,在外汇政策、贸易政策、税收政策、行政管理体制等各个领域进行政策调整和制度创新,积极稳妥地推进自由贸易港区建设。     

A new higher-order weak approximation scheme for stochastic differential equations and the Runge–Kutta method

The authors report on the construction of a new algorithm for the weak approximation of stochastic differential equations. In this algorithm, an ODE-valued random variable whose average approximates the solution of the given stochastic differential equation is constructed by using the notion of free Lie algebras. It is proved that the classical Runge–Kutta method for ODEs is directly applicable to the ODE drawn from the random variable. In a numerical experiment, this is applied to the problem of pricing Asian options under the Heston stochastic volatility model. Compared with some other methods, this algorithm is significantly faster. This research was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 15540110, 2003 and 18540113, 2006, the 21st century COE program at Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, and JSPS Core-to-Core Program 18005.     

海南自贸港背景下导游职业认同及对策研究

自我国将海南设为自由贸易港以来，重点加强商品贸易往来与海南出入境旅游、国内旅游的同时，海南自由贸易港依托自身优势已经发展成为国内热门旅游目的地。在旅游业的构成当中，旅游从业人员是非常重要的一部分，导游又在旅游业从业人员中占比很大。导游对自己的职业认同感直接影响到对客态度、服务质量、业务水平，很大程度上决定着游客对目的地的满意度与认同感。在海南自贸港建设背景下导游对自己职业的观点看法、认同感调查分析以及提出相应策略和方法，丰富对职业认同感的研究，以及为海南自贸港建设背景下导游服务业发展提供对策，从而提升导游职业认同感。     

台湾大青枣无公害栽培技术要点

台湾大青枣为热带果树,对气候适应性强,具有投产早、产量高而稳等优点,且果实成熟时间正直鲜果淡季,极具市场潜力和开发前景。文章从选种、选址、栽植、栽培与管理、病虫害的防治几方面详细阐述了台湾大青枣无公害栽培的技术要点,为大青枣无公害栽培提供了技术指导,以提高其市场竞争力。     

论全面深化改革背景下上海自贸区的创新发展

上海自贸区是继经济特区之后中国特色社会主义市场经济的又一探索,承载着全面社会改革的重任,分析其发展战略意义、改革创新点、发展机遇和发展原则,对确保自贸区良性发展及进一步丰富社会主义市场经济理论有重要意义。     

建立中国——东盟自由贸易区的经济效益分析

2004年10月18日至20日,中国与东盟贸易谈判委员会在北京举行会议,就自由贸易区谈判中最重要的内容—货物贸易协议达成一致,并于11月签署了货物贸易协议及争端解决机制协议。这为如期启动中国与东盟自由贸易区建设进程铺平了道路,使研究自由贸易区建成后所带来的经济效益问题的任务迫在眉睫。本文对建立中国-东盟自由贸易区后可预期的贸易效益、投资效益及规模经济效益进行了探讨。     

北美自由贸易区:特点、运行机制、借鉴与启示

北美自由贸易区的建立与运行，体现出“南”、“北”共存性、一国主导性和经济互补性的明显特点，这些特点同拟议建立的中国-东盟自由贸易区可能存在诸多“相通”之处。因此，认真研究和深入探讨北美自由贸易区的运行机制以及北美自由贸易区建立近10年来取得的成效和存在的问题，可以为未来建立中国-东盟自由贸易区，并促进其稳定运行、实现其建设目标，提供有价值的借鉴与启示。     

中国—东盟自由贸易区“10 1”方案的福利效应分析

中国—东盟自由贸易区的建立是双方加强经济合作的必然要求,同时也顺应了经济全球化和区域经济一体化的趋势,有利于双方更好地分享区域经济一体化所带来的好处。然而,当前我国和东盟各国的比较优势都集中在劳动密集型产品上,各成员国之间存在着较强的竞争性,自由贸易区建成后我国和东盟各国能否从中获得更大的利益?本文从福利经济学的角度出发,分析了建立“10 1”自由贸易区所可能产生的各种福利效应。     

中国成立上海自贸区的SWOT分析

中国(上海)自由贸易实验区的建立成为推动中国经济改革的重要路径,如何把握自贸区在中国经济结构调整过程中的地位,打造中国经济"升级版",基于中国的视角,采用定性分析和实证分析的方法,用美国旧金山大学的管理学教授韦里克提出的SWOT模型对成立自贸区的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁进行研究。