新常态下产业结构变动与经济增长——基于省级动态面板数据的GMM方法

新常态下,正确处理好稳增长与调结构的关系,有重要的政策含义。文章通过构建NAV、MLI两个不同的产业结构变动指数,基于省级1993-2013年的面板数据,运用GMM方法进行了实证检验。结果表明：从全国范围来看,短期内,产业结构变动与经济增长之间存在双向格兰杰因果关系,而较长时期内,仅存在经济增长到产业结构变动的单向格兰杰因果关系。其次,从省级层面来看,产业结构变动与经济增长之间的格兰杰因果关系表现出很大的异质性。基于此结论,文章认为,产业政策并不具有较长时期有效性,产业政策的制定需要视期限、地区的不同而择机、择时制定;同时,要规避产业政策缺陷带来的不足,规避“结构负利”的出现。     

Learning and stability of the Bayesian–Walrasian equilibrium

Under the Bayesian–Walrasian Equilibrium (BWE) (see Balder and Yannelis, 2009), agents form price estimates based on their own private information, and in terms of those prices they can formulate estimated budget sets. Then, based on his/her own private information, each agent maximizes interim expected utility subject to his/her own estimated budget set. From the imprecision due to the price estimation it follows that the resulting equilibrium allocation may not clear the markets for every state of nature, i.e., exact feasibility of allocations may not occur. This paper shows that if the economy is repeated from period to period and agents refine their private information by observing the past BWE, then in the limit all agents will obtain the same information and market clearing will be reached. The converse is also true. The analysis provides a new way of looking at the asymmetric equilibrium which has a statistical foundation.     

中国城市化进程与省域经济增长的实证分析—基于19892009年29个省份的面板数据

基于1989-2009年中国29个省市区的面板数据,利用面板单位根检验和协整检验和面板回归分析对我国城市化和经济增长的关系进行分析。结果显示：在短期内,城市化能够有效的促进经济增长,而在长期内,城市化对经济的作用并不明显。并且根据结论对我国城市化进程提出了相关建议。     

中国人口老龄化与碳排放的关系——基于因素分解和动态面板的实证分析

利用中国1990～2008年全国层面和1995～2008年省级层面的数据,分别采用LMDI因素分解法和动态面板的GMM估计方法,对中国人口老龄化与碳排放之间的关系进行了考察。全国层面的因素分解结果表明,老龄化是中国近年来人均碳排放增加的重要原因。动态面板模型的估计结果表明,老龄化与碳排放之间存在显著的倒U型曲线关系。对老龄化不同影响渠道的研究则表明,当前老龄化主要是通过生产渠道对碳排放的增加产生促进作用,而消费渠道的影响很不明显。     

Intellectual property rights protection and recorded music sales��focus on 26 OECD countries panel data

This thesis mainly studies the relationship between intellectual property rights protection and recorded music sales by use of 26 OECD countries panel data from 2000 to 2007. Following Png and Wang (2006), the production equation of recorded music is developed. Meanwhile, the author introduces other independent variables such as per capita GDP, employment rate and R&D, population and economic openness. The econometric methods consist of two way fixed effects method, Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation and dynamic panel-data estimation, one-step difference GMM (generalized method of moments) by use of Stata 10.0. The findings are as followings: Intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection exerts positive effect on recorded music sales, and the influencing coefficient is at the range of 0.815 to 0.915. Meanwhile, economic openness also has positive influence. The studying results suggest that IPRs protection can reinforce the sale of recorded music, and it is very urgent to enhance IPRs protection.     

金融资源错配阻碍了中国的经济增长吗

本文利用我国1995—2005年的省际面板数据对经济增长和引起经济增长的质和量的因素进行了实证研究,通过选择表现中国金融资源错配现象的金融发展变量,研究了它们与经济增长及其主要组成部分——资本积累和全要素生产率之间的关系。研究表明,由于中国目前的金融体系存在严重的金融资源错配现象,这使得现有的金融体制并没有很好地完成优化资金配置从而为优化生产要素配置的功能,反而对经济增长产生牵制作用。而标示中国金融市场化程度的变量与经济增长、资本积累和全要素生产率存在积极关系。造成这种现象的原因主要在于中国的金融在很大程度上仍然是一种支持国有企业的政府控制性金融。     

Estimating a Local Food Waste Baseline

ABSTRACT

This article estimates the amounts of food that is discarded, diverted, and landfilled in Minnesota by comparing and applying approaches and statistics from selected national, regional, and local studies. Our preferred estimates suggest 2.1 million tons of food is discarded in Minnesota, of which 60% is diverted through recovery and recycling efforts. The remaining 834 thousand tons are landfilled. This landfilled amount, considered as “food waste,” is smaller than the 1.3 million tons calculated using the ReFED (2016) methods, but its estimated distribution across the food supply chain is similar. Residential losses account for the largest proportion of food waste landfilled (43%). The processing and manufacturing stage discards the largest proportion of food (36%), but generates the smallest amount landfilled because of a high diversion factor. The range of estimates obtained from various methods highlights the complexities in choosing appropriate assumptions, factors, and datasets when calculating food waste baseline amounts.     

Effect of Energy Prices on Economic Growth in the ECOWAS Sub-Region: Investigating the Channels Using Panel Data

The article empirically examines the effect of energy prices on economic growth within the Economic Community of West African States sub-region by acknowledging that the effect of energy prices on growth is quintessentially indirect and hence can be tracked through some channels. Exploiting the System Generalized Methods of Moments estimation technique for the period spanning 2002–2015, the results indicate that the overall effect of energy prices on economic growth is significantly negative. This effect propagates mainly through government consumption expenditure and investment, albeit its effect through real interest rate is positive. However, its negative effects on government consumption, investment, and exchange rate significantly overwhelm the positive effect from real interest rate.     

环境规制对中国对外直接投资的影响——基于中国省际动态面板数据的实证分析

基于2004—2015年中国省际面板数据,采用动态系统GMM估计方法,考察了环境规制对中国对外直接投资(OFDI)的影响。基于全国样本的回归结果表明:正式环境规制对OFDI具有显著的负向作用,但非正式环境规制对OFDI具有显著的正向作用。分区域回归结果显示:环境规制对OFDI的影响存在区域差异。具体而言:正式环境规制对东、西部地区的OFDI具有显著的负向影响,对中部地区的OFDI具有促进作用;非正式环境规制对中、西部地区的OFDI具有显著的正向影响,而对东部地区OFDI的影响不显著。指出:政府需要根据区域经济差异对不同动机的OFDI提供相应的配套服务。     

Rights,governance, and foreign direct investment: an industry-level assessment

Theories of multinational enterprises emphasize that foreign direct investment (FDI) is undertaken in different industries for different reasons, yet studies of the effects of rights and governance on FDI generally rely on aggregate-level FDI data. This paper evaluates US FDI outflows to 15 industries (eight manufacturing, seven non-manufacturing) in 54 countries in a linear dynamic panel data gravity FDI model using a ‘system’ generalized method of moments estimator and several widely used rights and governance indexes. At the aggregate level, we estimate that stronger rights and governance have a positive effect on FDI, consistent with most prior studies. At the industry level, we estimate larger positive effects of rights and governance on FDI for service than manufacturing industries, particularly for the information and the finance and insurance industries.