Community participation in World Heritage Site conservation and tourism development

This study investigates the factors contributing to community participation in a World Heritage Site (WHS) using Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability (MOA) model. We examined the effects of these factors on three levels of community participation. The findings showed that motivation had the greatest positive effect on the low level of community participation. Opportunity had the greatest effect on the high level of community participation. Among the dimensions of ability, namely awareness and knowledge, the findings showed that more aware residents were more interested in low level of community participation, whereas residents with more knowledge were more interested in high level of community participation. This study contributes to the tourism development and WHS conservation and management literature by examining the effects of MOA factors on three levels of community participation. Moreover, this study has a number of practical implications for local authorities in terms of community participation.     

生态补偿与缓解贫困关系的研究进展

基于生态补偿项目社会公平性考虑和项目实施的客观扶贫效果,有关贫困参与者的研究成为近年来国外生态补偿研究中普遍关注的议题。本研究从生态补偿对贫困的生态环境服务提供者、购买者和未参与者的影响等3个方面回顾并分析了国内外生态补偿与缓解贫困研究的阶段成果,由此提出了中国生态补偿项目设计和实施过程中亟需改善的问题。     

农民阶层政治参与权利贫困问题研究

导致农民阶层处于弱势地位的主要原因是经济贫困、能力贫困和权利贫困,其中最根本的原因是权利贫困．而农民阶层权利贫困主要是指政治参与权利的贫困。农民阶层在具体的政治参与活动中客观上处于与其他阶层不平等的地位,致使农民阶层在实际生活中远离了政治权力中心,在政府主导的利益分配体系和相关的公共政策中影响微弱．     

运用信息技术构建民众参与的乡镇治理机制研究——福建省晋江市L镇经验分析

通过对福建省晋江市L镇“L镇在线”局域网站对政务工作影响的叙述和分析,认为信息技术能有效地推进政务公开和基层民主,畅通沟通渠道,提高政府机关工作效率。乡镇局域网站构建了民众参与的乡镇治理新机制,这一机制的潜力还没有完全挖掘,未来还有很大的提升空间。     

Can Direct Payments Facilitate Agricultural Commercialisation: Evidence from a Transition Country

We investigate the impact of direct payments on agricultural commercialisation in Kosovo. Kosovo is one of the poorest countries in Europe but, with European assistance, provides substantial funds to support agriculture, made up of many small and often semi‐subsistence farms. Thus, the effect of this support is a central policy issue. Identifying the effect of direct payments on market participation faces endogeneity issues arising from the possible simultaneous determination of participation in support programmes and market participation. In order to achieve proper identification of the endogenous direct payments, we use a strategy of targeted identification search that employs several different methodological approaches. We find that direct payments for fruit and vegetables, and those for cereals and oilseeds have a positive effect on market participation. However, we cannot identify any definite effect of livestock payments.     

林权抵押贷款借贷双方的行为分析——以福建省永安市为例

在福建省永安市进行实证调查的基础上,从林权抵押借贷双方的行为出发,分析林权抵押参与金融机构的性质、参与程度、贷款规模和贷款结构;不同性质的借方参与林权抵押的程度及变化;以及普通农户贷款的特征。结果表明:林权抵押贷款供给以政策性金融为主,贷款越来越倾向于向资产较为雄厚的林业企业和林业大户;毛竹林成为普通农户的主要抵押物,而以村为单位牵头组织规模化的抵押贷款可以一定程度解决融资成本大的问题。     

重大水利工程项目决策社会稳定风险评估中的公众参与博弈

为改善重大水利工程项目决策社会稳定风险评估中公众参与现状,从社会稳定风险评估3个主要利益主体——中央政府、地方政府与公众不同的利益诉求出发,运用演化博弈模型,探讨在不同利益诉求的相互作用下影响地方政府与公众在社会稳定风险评估中策略选择的因素。研究发现,当公众受到的损失大于参与付出的成本时,双方稳定均衡状态均表现积极,反之,双方可能均表现为消极或积极这两种截然不同的状态。基于此,分析了中央政府对地方政府和公众在社会稳定风险评估博弈中策略选择的影响。最后,提出应加大对地方政府的支持、规范公众参与相关制度、加大教育培训及宣传力度、创新公众参与方式几项政策建议。     

乡村规划建设中中心村选择的ROG模型研究——以鄂东平原地区为例

中心村作为农村居民集聚点及周边自然村服务中心,在建设美丽乡村、科学安排乡村用地布局,引导农村产业化和实现城乡一体化发展等方面具有不可替代的作用。但在乡村规划建设工作实践中,政府决策与管理人员、规划设计人员、乡村干部与群众对于中心村选择往往感到无所适从。[目的]文章通过构建中心村选择的ROG模型,科学合理选择中心村。[方法]以公众参与规划理论、空间相互作用理论等为理论基础,以鄂东平原地区乡村规划编制与管理为实践基础,采用因子分析方法,提取影响中心村选择的主要因子,构建村庄质量模型(M)与总相互作用力模型(G)。然后结合住区选址限制性条件(R)与村民意愿(O),构建中心村选择的ROG模型,并进行典型例证。[结果]用ROG模型计算各自然村的ROG数据,选择ROG数据最大的自然村为中心村。[结论]该模型可减少中心村选择的盲目性与主观性,实现中心村选择的科学合理性与可操作性,为实际工作提供直接指导。     

Evaluating the London 2012 Games’ impact on sport participation in a non-hosting region: a practical application of realist evaluation

In the literature on Olympic legacies and impacts, there is a dearth of materials that specifically address the issue of Olympic impact for non-hosting regions. The literature tends to deal with impacts at a national level, or at a hosting-city region level, neglecting in large part the degree to which benefits can be leveraged by non-hosting regions. A further limitation identified in the literature is a failure to engage in detailed formal evaluation of policy implementation where assertions of potential policy impact are based on untested assumptions. This study is intended to address both of these concerns. It presents an empirical, ‘bottom-up’ application of a Realist Evaluation framework to assess the impact of a policy initiative – Workplace Challenge – aimed at leveraging enhanced sports participation in a non-hosting region – Leicestershire – in the period leading up to the 2012 Games. In doing so, it seeks to identify which causal mechanisms worked within this particular context to produce the observed outcomes. The evaluation results demonstrate that the programme represented a positive approach to fostering regular engagement with sport and physical activities for some groups in some types of organisations, and that awareness and motivational factors associated with the London 2012 Games are, in this case, linked (albeit weakly) to an increase in sport and physical activity participation for specific groups taking part in the programme in particular organisational contexts.     

组织和开展党派监督:新时期内地统战工作的核心

统一战线有广义和狭义之分,新时期内地统一战线的核心工作是组织和开展党派监督,这是统一战线理论假设运用于当代中国而形成的必然逻辑推论。要使这一核心工作得以落实,一些程序化的操作建议可供参考。