Impact of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area on China＇s International Agricultural Trade and Its Regional Development

This study aims to examine the impact of the China‐ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) on China's international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and the China Agricultural Decision Support System. Our analysis showed that: (i) CAFTA will improve resource allocation efficiencies for both China and ASEAN and will promote bilateral agricultural trade and, hence, will have positive effects on the economic development of both sides; (ii) CAFTA will accelerate China's export of the agricultural commodities in which it has comparative advantages, such as vegetables, wheat and horticultural products, but at the same time bring about a large increase in imports of commodities such as vegetable oil and sugar; and (iii) CAFTA will have significantly varying impacts on China's regional agricultural development because of large differences in the agricultural production structure in each region. Our results indicate that agriculture in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of China will benefit from CAFTA, whereas agriculture development in southern China will suffer. Those regional specific impacts are quite different from the effects brought by multilateral free trade treaties, such as those of the WTO, which usually have positive effects on south China but negative impacts on the northern and western parts of China.     

Welfare State, Market Imperfections, and International Trade

Within a two-sector-two-country model of trade with aggregate scale economies and unionisation, a more generous welfare state in one country increases welfare in that country and can have positive spillover effects on the other. Furthermore, synchronised expansions of social security are more welfare enhancing than unilateral ones. Our results counter the fears that a race to the bottom in social standards may result from the ‘shrinking-tax-base’ entailed by international capital mobility. While affecting trade patterns and income distribution, capital mobility interacts with welfare state policies in increasing welfare, even when capital flows out of the country that initiates the shock.

流通领域重点监测商品品类的筛选方法——以深圳为例的静态研究

在市场蓬勃发展、商品品种繁多、流通渠道多样的情况下,采取有效的方法确定需要重点进行质量监测的商品范围将有助于工商行政管理部门履行好国务院赋予的流通领域商品质量监测职能。本文以深圳为例介绍了一种静态的筛选方法。     

中日经贸合作的新动态及其发展趋势

时下学界对中日经贸关系的现状及其发展趋势的判断不尽相同,依据中日双方有关统计数据进行综合分析后,本文认为,“经热”降温的动向值得注意,但现在做出“经凉”或“经冷”的判断尚嫌草率。再从中日两国产业贸易结构的现状分析看,可以肯定,未来一个时期中日两国的竞争领域将有所扩大,但互补性的特点不会发生根本性改变,两国将呈现经济互补、竞争并存的发展趋势。     

清朝山东集市贸易发展之原因分析

山东集市的兴起始于明代中叶,明末清初一度衰落,经康熙、雍正年间的恢复、整顿,到乾隆时进入全面、持续的发展阶段,纵观来看,影响清朝山东集市及集市贸易发展的主要原因是:人口数量的变化、农业及农村工副业的发展、政府对集市管理的加强等.     

The common external tariff of a customs union: Alternative approaches

The most prominent exception to the cardinal ‘most favoured nation’ principle of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of 1947 is in its Article XXIV relating to Customs Unions (CUs) and Free Trade Areas (FTAs). This article required, first, the general incidence of the duties and regulations of commerce imposed by members of the CU with respect to trade with non-members shall not on the whole be higher or more restrictive than those that were applicable prior to the formation of CU or FTA, and, second, that substantially all the trade among members be free. Neither requirement was very operational, because the phrases ‘general incidence’ and ‘substantially all’ being difficult legal concepts to apply. The agreement of 1994 establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) has made ‘general incidence’ precise by defining it import-weighted average of height of barriers but without offering any rationale for the definition. Now that preferential trading arrangements such as FTAs are proliferating, reform of Article XXIV is of importance. This paper describes alternative approaches to the central question of common external tariffs of a CU. Taking off from the work of Kemp and Wan who showed the existence of a common external tariff of CU that keeps the welfare of non-members unchanged while revising that of the CU as compared to the situation prior to the formation of CU, it characterizes such a tariff structure for two leading benchmark examples as consumption-weighted average of pre-union tariffs and subsidies in the member countries.     

The Effect of Exchange Rate on Bilateral Trade Balance: New Evidence from Malaysia and Thailand

This paper attempts to identify the major economic factors that influence the bilateral trade balances of Malaysia and Thailand with the US and Japan. To this end, an unrestricted VAR model was estimated using quarterly frequency data from 1980: I to 1996: IV. The Johansen results indicate a stable long-run relation between trade and three macro variables: exchange rate, domestic income and foreign income. The main findings of this paper are: (i) the real effective exchange rate is an important variable in the trade balance equation and devaluation improves the trade balances of both economies in the long-run; (ii) the other important variables that determine trade balance include domestic and foreign incomes; (iii) the results indicate no J-curve effect and causal run from exchange rate to trade balance, (iv) the real effects of devaluation are distributed over a period of eight to nine quarters.     

新贸易保护主义对我国外贸的影响及应对策略

新贸易保护主义是新形势下出现的以管理贸易理论为指导的贸易保护主义。与传统贸保护主义不同,新贸易保护主义极大影响了各国外贸的发展,受到世界的普遍关注。本文主要分析了新形势下贸易保护主义出现的原因、表现形式、特点及其对我国外贸的影响,并结合我国国情提出了新贸易保护主义下的我国外贸的策略。     

靖江市污染源普查现状分析及污染控制措施

江苏省靖江市作为长江三角洲经济区的组成部分,在综合实力快速攀升的同时,造成的环境污染也不可小觑。利用污染源普查数据和社会经济统计数据,对本区域内的污染物产生、排放特点及污染现状进行了分析,指出了在工业污染得到重视的同时,生活污染和农业污染也不可忽视。它们共同作用,造成环境质量水、气、土壤(底质)中多项指标超标。并针对工业污染、生活污染和农业污染的不同排放特征提出相应的治理措施。     

国际贸易救济中的公共利益原则探析

文章探讨了国际贸易救济中公共利益与公共利益原则的界定及其重要意义。从公共利益所涉及的利害关系方、完善程序性规定、公共利益调查的结果、实施独立的公共利益审查和健全利益评估与衡平机制等方面提出完善我国贸易救济法中公共利益制度的建议。结合中、美轮胎特保案着重讨论了如何运用公共利益原则,应对国际贸易保护主义。