Municipal aggregation and retail competition in the Ohio energy sector

Ohio allows communities to vote to aggregate the loads of individual consumers (unless they opt out) in order to seek a competitive energy supplier. Over 200 communities have voted to do this for electricity. By 2004 residential switching reached 69% in Cleveland territory (95% from municipal aggregation) but by 2006 had fallen to 8%. Savings are now small, but customer acquisition costs are low and the cost to consumers is negligible. Aggregation and retail competition have been thwarted by Rate Stabilization Plans holding incumbent utility prices below cost since 2006. In the Ohio gas sector, rate regulation has not discouraged aggregation and competition, but market prices falling below municipally negotiated rates can be politically embarrassing. Municipal aggregation thus works when conditions allow it, and enhances competition. How it would fare against individual choice in a market conducive to retail competition remains an open question.      

食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂残留的检测

针对食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）增塑剂残留,采用加速溶剂萃取（ASE）和GC／MS联用技术分析5种PAEs（DMP,DEP,DBP,BBP,DEHP）,结果表明加速溶剂萃取用于食品包装材料中PAEs的提取,最佳温度条件为120℃,最佳循环次数为3次。方法检出限达到0．1mg／kg．回收率达到95．5％-99．8％;并且具有很好的重现性和精密度。     

关于气举井检阀周期统计方法的讨论

分析了气举井检阀周期统计中存在的问题,讨论了影响气举并检阀周期统计的主要因素,推荐了气举井检阀周期的统计方法,对油田现场气举井检阀周期的统计及量化气举井的技术管理水平具有一定指导意义.     

气相色谱法在蔬菜农药残留检测中的应用

现阶段,利用气相色谱法(GC)是目前我国检测农药残留中应用最为广泛的检测方法。基于此,用气相色谱法检测农药残留的应用效果,结果表明,气相色谱法在检测蔬菜农药残留中能发挥有效作用,符合检测目标。     

臭氧水机曝气桶装置密封性改进研究

针对臭氧水机中曝气桶密封垫长期运行后容易出现密封不良,致使曝气桶失效的情况,本文进行了大量研究,并研制出使用带顶针定位密封方式的新曝气桶装置。测试结果显示,新曝气桶装置的可靠性和稳定性好,产品使用寿命长。     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法同时测定氧化铁皮中的多种杂质元素

采用偏硼酸锂和四硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融法制样,波长色散X射线荧光光谱法同时测定了氧化铁皮中的铝、铜、钙、硅、镁、锰、钛、锌、磷等多种杂质元素。考察了熔剂、脱模剂以及预氧化条件等对熔片的影响;采用理论α系数校正了基体效应和元素间的干扰效应,方法的检出限在4.7-35.0μg/g之间。用本方法测定氧化铁皮试样中各杂质元素的相对标准偏差在0.4%-5.1%之间,分析结果与其他方法测定值一致。与化学法相比,该方法快速、简便、精密度好、准确度高。     

气相色谱法检测植物油中脂肪酸组成成分

本文研究了气相色谱法检测植物油中脂肪酸的组成和含量,采用先皂化和甲酯化的实验过程,再用CP-sil88型毛细管色谱柱进行分析,能较好的分离37种脂肪酸,对数据进行处理可以看出,该方法分离度好,适用于植物油中脂肪酸组成及含量的测定.     

气相色谱—质谱法测定塑料产品中的三丁基锡和三苯基锡

建立了测定塑料产品中三丁基锡和三苯基锡含量的气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）,采用索式提取法提取,经四乙基硼化钠衍生后,GC-MS选择离子进行测定。结果表明,该方法简便、灵敏,线性相关性好,三丁基锡和三苯基锡的相关系数R2均大于或等于0.9990,测得三丁基锡和三苯基锡的检测低限分别为0.05 mg/kg和0.01 mg/kg,回收率分别在93.9%-96.6%和96.3%-105.0%之间,RSD分别在5.7%-6.4%和4.2%-5.6%之间,可用于塑料产品中三丁基锡和三苯基锡的检测。     

Assessment and budget allocation of Iranian natural gas distribution company- A CSW DEA based model

Regarding the importance of budgeting in organizations, this research proposes an empirical approach to budget allocation problems. The methodological instrument utilized is data envelopment analysis (DEA) which is a nonparametric mathematical programming technique. In the DEA methodology a standard DEA model should be independently solved to evaluate each decision making unit (DMU). Consequently, it is hard to find the magnitude of budget for each DMU by applying a budget allocation model based on standard DEA models because identifying the DMU under evaluation is problematic. Also, to overcome problems of evaluation using standard DEA models, common set of weights (CSW) DEA models were suggested. These models can be developed for use in budget allocation DEA models that lead to finding a single magnitude of budget for each DMU. Moreover, the opinion of the decision maker can be incorporated into the model using budgetary constraints. As a result, a restricted linear budget allocation CSW DEA model is proposed in which the central authority would like to plan for improving the total efficiency scores of all DMUs. In essence, the proposed model is used to reallocate the available budget and, thus, the results obtained will be a suggestion for budget allocation in subsequent periods. Finally, the proposed model is applied to budget allocation in the Iranian gas industry in which the available budget is reallocated to increase the total efficiency scores of Iranian gas distribution branches.     

加油站储油罐火灾、爆炸危险性定量分析

采用地下储罐爆炸和池火灾计算方法对加油站储罐爆炸和池火灾进行了定量分析,确定了事故状态下的危害半径。