中国核电产业国产化发展分析

自第一座军用堆的建成到2019年7月三代核电机组再次获批建设,我国核电经历了长期的发展,进入了核电重启时期。主要简述了不同发展阶段的核电技术路线,核电设备国产化率,以及相关的发展规划。我国核电产业的发展,是核电产业和制造业的奋斗史。核电设备的国产化率在有限的核电项目中不断提高。面对核电国产化过程中遇到的技术难点,我国核电从设计院到制造商共同承担风险,突破困境,实现了三代技术的国产化。在更先进的核电技术需求背景下,核电产业需要建立可持续发展的先进产业设备制造供应管体系。     

高校岗位设置管理工作初探

科学进行岗位设置应结合实际,按需设岗,总量控制;制订科学合理的岗位任职条件;做好科学评审及聘后考核工作;统筹兼顾各学科共同发展;积极实施和规范合同管理。     

Process innovation capability and subsequent collaborative team performance in travel planning: a knowledge exchange platform perspective

Purpose: Backpacker tourism is flourishing in this century as the high development of Internet technology which enables travellers to search for resources they need easier. The research goal of this study was to exam how virtual skill and collective efficacy affect process innovation capability and subsequent team performance of collaborative design team in a virtual community. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, we formulated the virtual team model from the perspectives of open innovation paradigm and virtual competence, and we collected virtual community participation samples from the online communities. Invitation emails were delivered to numerous trip plan initiators in two well-known online travel communities for filling survey questionnaires for this study. In total, 3000 invitation messages were mailed, of which 373 were returned completed. The model and hypotheses were tested by structural equation modelling. Findings: Virtual competence, including collective efficacy and virtual media skill, is the essential key to facilitate process innovation capability and subsequent team performance success. Besides, knowledge sharing significantly moderates the relationship between process innovation capability and the team performance. Originality/value: Backpackers in the online travel communities have to have not only the willingness to collaborate, but also the abilities of using the correct tool to help with their tasks. When a self-efficacy gets into collective efficacy, it enables the collaborative team to develop with good virtual competencies. Accordingly, trip plan initiator and participants of a virtual team are as expertise contributors between conformity in online communities and online compulsive control tendencies.     

试论制度创新决定技术创新

创新是一个系统,不是个体行为.在创新系统中,主体与客体是多样的、分层次的.一个国家的创新活动主要体现在两个层面:即自然技术创新与社会技术创新.在创新中,企业是技术创新的主体,政府是制度创新(社会技术创新)的主体.新制度经济学认为,制度创新决定技术创新.著名经济学家吴敬琏在总结原苏联及我国的改革实践后也得出了同样的结论.我国当前面临的结构调整与经济转型的实质就是创新问题.技术创新是有成本的,这种成本不取决于创新成本本身,而主要取决于制度成本与风险.当外部成本与风险过大时,创新收益无法保证,创新主体就会放弃创新,进而选择投机取巧.     

浙江农村安全饮用水供给体制和运行机制创新——基于市场化供给的视角

保障农村安全饮用水是新时期我国政府全面建设小康社会、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要举措,浙江省自2003年实施“千万农民饮用水工程”以来,建设成效显著,但也暴露出诸多问题,急需对此进行总结和完善。本文从制度、体制和机制层面剖析了浙江省农村安全水供给存在的问题,并在此基础上寻求诸如如何建立农村安全饮用水多元化供给体系,如何健全管理体制以推动饮用水工程良性运行,如何完善监测体系以保证农村饮用水安全等完善举措。     

以过程为导向的《标识设计课程》教学新模式探析

介绍了基于过程化教学的标识设计教学新模式：根据标识设计内容的难易程度,组织循序渐进的教学内容;根据标识设计中技术到思想的难度,对相应的教学知识点进行对接,设计阶梯式的训练课题;根据标识设计内容构成的实践性特点,强化实践教学环节,针对每一个课题设计不同的实践方法,实现课堂与实践之间跨度的融合与穿插。     

Institutions and economic growth in Portugal: a quantitative exploration

This paper presents a broad diagnostic of the level of institutional development in Portugal in the legal, corporate governance and financial systems. A comparative assessment suggests that Portuguese institutions are less developed than their European Union and East Asian counterparts, more developed than Greek institutions and on a level similar to that of Spanish institutions. We use data for a wide cross-section of countries since 1960 and correlate indicators of institutional development with the long-term average growth rate, identifying issues where reform is likely to significantly affect economic growth. We construct three new indices that measure the potential of institutional reform - the impact of reform on growth, the required reform effort and the efficiency of reform index - by taking into consideration the institutional distance between Portugal and the European Union. These indices measure, respectively, which reforms have the most payoff in terms of growth, which are less costly to undertake and which deliver the most growth per required effort. Our results strongly suggest that in a large number of issues, institutional reform may translate into substantially higher rates of economic growth. Of the ten most promising reforms, six are in the legal area, irrespective of which of the indices is considered. Whereas legal reform is promising at the aggregate and the microeconomic levels, in the financial sector aggregate indicators offer the wider scope for productive reform, while in the corporate governance area it is indices at the micro level that hold the most promise. These results support the view that a comprehensive reform effort is likely to deliver higher rates of growth in Portugal, allowing faster real convergence with the rest of the European Union.Received: January 2003, Accepted: February 2004, JEL Classification: O0, O5, K00, K4, G2, G3This paper is based on Firms, Financial Markets and the Law: Institutions and Economic Growth in Portugal, prepared for the conference Desenvolvimento Económico Português no Espaço Europeu: Determinantes e Políticas, organized by the Banco de Portugal. Financial support by the Banco de Portugal, NOVA FORUM and FUNDAÇÃO Para a Ciência e tecnologia and Polti through feder are gratefully acknowledged. Comments from Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, two anonymous referees and the editor are sincerely appreciated. The usual disclaimer applies.     

工业设计人才培养体系的构建和优化

该文从现代企业的生产方式及工业设计师应具备的基本素质出发，阐述了21世纪工业设计专业人才的培养体系和培养模式及其特点，构建了培养工业设计应用型人才的课程体系。