幸福感来源之我见——以学习《公民道德建设实施纲要》建设和谐社会为视角

文章对传统“幸福”一词的概念界定提出了质疑,认为幸福是一种美好的感觉。它是一种心理学概念,而非物理学概念。从心理学、生理学、社会学、哲学等角度探讨了幸福感的来源。     

闲暇视角下的经济增长

该文以闲暇促进效用(幸福感)的提升为线索、以闲暇对经济效率的积极作用为基础,建立内生增长模型.模型分析显示,长期经济增长率可以由闲暇的跨期替代弹性和边际效率增长率决定,如果闲暇能强化对经济效率的影响,经济体就可能保持稳定持续增长.因此,我国在制定和指导国民休息、休闲和休假等政策时,一是要努力促使国民的闲暇活动具有积极健康的内涵,发挥出闲暇对生产的积极互补效应,二是要保证这些政策具有连续有效性、政策效果被不断强化.     

Theory of negative consumption externalities with applications to the economics of happiness

This paper investigates the problem of obtaining Pareto efficient allocations in the presence of negative consumption externalities. In contrast to the conventional wisdom, we show that even if consumers’ preferences are monotonically increasing in their own consumption, one may have to dispose of resources to achieve Pareto efficiency when negative consumption externalities exist. We provide characterization results on destruction both for pure exchange economies and for production economies. As an application, our results provide an explanation to Easterlin’s paradox: average happiness levels do not increase as countries grow wealthier. We thank an anonymous referee, Xiaoyong Cao, Li Gan, and Tapan Mitra for helpful comments and suggestions that improved the exposition of the paper. The first author thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Private Enterprise Research Center at Texas A&M University for financial support.     

Micro-entrepreneurship and subjective well-being: Evidence from rural Bangladesh

Microcredit has long been hailed as a powerful tool to promote livelihoods and reduce poverty through entrepreneurship. However, its impacts on people's subjective well-being remain underexplored. We present a unified theoretical framework for analyzing the effect of microcredit-enabled entrepreneurship on overall life satisfaction – a key manifestation of subjective well-being. Empirically, we apply an instrumental variable approach to a unique census-like household survey conducted in three villages of Bangladesh in 2013. In spite of having no direct effects, we find that microcredit borrowing has an indirect negative effect on overall life satisfaction, through increased worry. On a positive note, we find that female micro-borrowers experience an increase in satisfaction with financial security and achievement in life. We also provide evidence that micro-borrowers with higher levels of assets experience an increase in satisfaction with financial security.     

草根组织发育与农民幸福感

文章使用2012-2017年中国22个省325个村庄的4863个农户的混合截面数据探究了村庄中草根组织发育情况对农村居民幸福感的影响,为社会组织发展情况和幸福感之间关系的讨论增添了新证据。研究发现:村庄草根组织发育程度对农村居民的幸福感具有显著正向影响,即村庄中的草根组织数量越多,其居民幸福感越高;进一步使用生活满意度法(Life Satisfaction Approach,LSA)对草根组织的货币价值进行估计发现,村庄中草根组织数量每增加1个百分点带来的幸福感增加相当于家庭人均总收入增加0.667个百分点带来的幸福感增加。研究结论表明,发展乡村草根组织是提升农村居民幸福感的一个有效途径。     

价值视域中的社会发展代价之幸福感指数

幸福与和谐,是人类永恒追求的具有普遍意义的终极价值。社会和谐是人民幸福的基本条件,幸福指数是社会和谐的重要指标。正因为幸福和快乐对于人类来说是一种永恒的终极的价值目标,追求幸福和快乐是人与生俱来的基本权利。     

非农就业提高农村居民幸福感了吗？

农村劳动力非农转移已经成为常态,对农村居民的福利水平产生了深远影响。文章基于体验效用假设,构建了工农要素流动下农村居民的幸福函数,并基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)农村调研数据,实证分析了非农就业影响农村居民幸福感的效应、机制与情境。结果表明:非农就业在总体上促进了农村居民幸福感提升,但却存在一定的\"伊斯特林悖论\"关系,即短期非农就业能够显著促进幸福增长,但长期非农就业对幸福增长的促进作用是有限的,甚至出现停滞或反向抑制状态;其内在机制主要在于非农就业过程中农村居民的需求层次逐渐由生存需要转向尊重和自我实现需要,但长期非农就业并不能显著提升外出务工农村居民的社会地位感知;非农就业对农村居民幸福感的促进效应,在本地非农就业和跨省流动的就业情境下更为显著,在女性群体、高中层次受教育程度群体中相对更高,且伴随农村居民的年龄增长呈现边际递减规律。基于此,文章提出创造本地就业市场、关注非农劳动力的就业需求变化、加强非农就业劳动力职业技能培训等针对性政策启示。     

论积极心理学与构建和谐社会

积极心理学是20世纪90年代后期兴起于美国的一门关于人类幸福的科学,其倡导心理学积极取向,以研究人性积极心理品质。关注人类的健康幸福与和谐发展为主要内容,其使命是科学地探索如何缔造个体的幸福生活与和谐美好的社会。构建和谐社会是造福全体人民的伟大事业,其终极目标就是让人民群众在共享经济和社会发展的成果中实现最大幸福。