基于成本收益分析的基础设施管理制度变迁

在理论背景和时代背景双重作用下,我国基础设施管理制度经历两次变迁,处在进一步深化改革的路口。文章在界定基础设施管理制度变迁成本和收益的基础上,认为符合制度变迁的一般原则,同时提出从关注利益协调、充分运用激励约束机制和完善公众参与机制三个方面促进管理制度的进一步变迁。     

信托业在金融促进经济发展中的作用探析

信托业作为"四大金融支柱"之一,应当在金融促进经济发展中发挥重要作用。在当前的经济金融形势以及政策环境下,信托公司可以为银行提供通道服务,放大信贷规模,满足企业融资需求;与地方政府合作,满足基础设施建设的融资需求;开发房地产信托产品,促进房地产业发展;开展股票质押融资信托业务,满足"大小非"融资需求;开展私人股权投资信托业务,满足企业股权融资需求。     

基础设施行业的竞争绩效:公路与铁路

对中短途客运市场上公路和铁路的竞争关系以及铁路客运经营绩效变化的实证研究表明:在铁路运输业内部保持垄断经营的条件下,公路客运已经与铁路客运形成有效竞争,两者竞争的焦点是路网规模和客运相对价格;竞争对铁路运输业的经营绩效有显著影响;竞争是运输能力、服务质量和价格等方面的全面竞争,单纯靠提高旅客列车运行速度并不能使铁路客运取得明显竞争优势。铁路运输规制部门应将规制重点从准入规制、价格规制和投资规制等领域转向安全规制、服务质量规制和普遍服务规制等领域,并实施政企分开和基于大交通视角的规制部门整合。     

The Danish Agro Machinery Industry in a Global Perspective, 1945–2005

Abstract

Since the mid-nineteenth century, agriculture and the agro machinery industry has formed an integral part of the developed world, dominated by North America and Western Europe. After the Second World War, agricultural industrialization speeded up. Millions of small and mixed farms in the West disappeared to be replaced by large-scale and specialized farming. The technology needed to transform agriculture was supplied by an expanding agro machinery industry. As in other fields of industry, the agro machinery industry turned into an international business. By the turn of the twentieth century, farming and industry took an even bigger step as business and technology were being globalized. The agro machinery industry that served these global markets remained in the West, however. Eventually, transatlantic mergers consolidated firms into industries for plant, dairy and pig and poultry farming equipment. This article discusses how the Danish agro machinery increasingly became an integrated part of international and global developments.     

基础设施投融资运作模式：由政策性国企生发

组建国有政策性投融资企业作为基础设施建设的投融资主体,是目前各地在基础设施投融资的市场化改革进程中普遍采用的模式。该模式在运行过程中面临制度性缺陷和行为能力不足等障碍。应采取落实主体地位、决策过程前移、市场化拓展、项目投资合理退出等措施加以完善。     

国外典型国家天然气基础设施公平开放经验对中国的启示

欧美等国天然气产业市场化改革进程中的经验教训和形成的成熟的管理体制,如法规先行推动管输与销售、开采分离、监管制度变革以及成立地区交易市场等,对中国推动天然气产业体制改革具有重要借鉴意义。结合中国天然气管网运营现状,从加快基础设施建设、推动管网运营机制改革以及完善天然气相关法律法规方面提出中国天然气基础设施公平开放具体建议,推动构建高质量基础设施公平开放体系。     

Testing the limits of privatization: Argentine railroads

Just how far can privatization be pushed, and with what consequences? Based on a study of Argentine railroads, this paper concludes that even large, unprofitable firms in developing countries faced with market failures can be privatized, but the gains from doing so depend on how badly the state enterprise was performing to begin with, and the potential for introducing competition in the market and for the market. The broader lesson is that when both market failures and government failures are present, a public-private solution is preferable to a purely private or a purely public solution. Privatization is not a panacea but potentially a palliative, when it comes to reducing subsidies or coping with regulatory failures.     

城市大型公共基础设施项目的融资问题

随着我国经济的蓬勃发展,对公共基础设施的需求也呈现高速增长。但是,国家的基建资金有限,单纯的国家财政投入显然不能满足需求增长。而公共财政的改革又使建设资金更趋紧张。对于较大规模的基建工程,因关系重大仍采用单纯的财政投入加银行贷款。其实,从经济学和公共财政角度上看,多元投资主体介入是必要的和必然的。     

Design and implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme: Lessons from the Gundo Lashu labour-intensive programme

This article examines the design and implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme, drawing from the lessons of the Gundo Lashu programme on labour-intensive construction in the road sector. The aim of the study was to examine major barriers to the design and implementation of the programme. The article is based on the analysis of data that were gathered from the Gundo Lashu programme. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, face-to-face interviews with the project participants as well as reviewing key secondary data from the project documents. The study found that the projects under the Gundo Lashu programme have clearly demonstrated the importance of labour-intensive approaches, especially in the road sector. However, these projects were constrained by a wide range of challenges, ranging from a lack of community participation to poor product quality and inadequate planning for sustainable financing.