效率与公平关系的物权法思考

在物权领域,浅层面的物权公平与物权效率并不矛盾.冲突存在于物权效率与高层面的社会公平之间,即物权效率自然发展导致起点不公平、机会不均等、结果不均衡.并且在这一交叉层面的"物权垄断"势能所产生的"马太效应"不可能熨平.通过物权社会化,让私人性物权效率提升为社会效率,则社会效率与社会公平能和谐一致.这种提升属政府管制时的限制,是在初次分配中重新界定权利,不是要素所有的分配,而且权利分配的财富调整功能优于再分配.     

中国财产保险公司资本结构的影响因素

利用1998-2009年中国大陆地区财产保险公司的业务数据和财务数据,通过差分GMM方法实证研究中国财产保险公司资本结构的影响因素发现:中国财产保险公司的目标负债水平与公司规模、再保险利用、公司成熟度的关联显著为正,与利润波动性的关联显著为负,而与产品分散化、地理分散化、产品收支间隔期的关联不显著.     

企业技术创新的虚拟与实体产权激励

企业技术创新激励制度的核心是保护创新者的利益,产权激励制度是一种合理的方式。企业技术创新的产权激励制度设计原则是保证创新收益与风险的均衡。知识产权激励是产权激励的重要内容。对技术创新的产权激励不仅仅是企业内部人员的激励或者外围环境的激励,本文力图建立一个以企业作为分析边界的产权激励模式。对技术创新的产权激励从产权形式角度划分为虚拟和实体产权。企业主体虚拟产权包括以品牌价值增值权为体现的声誉收益权,企业内部成员虚拟产权体现为以影子股票或者股票期权等形式的远期剩余索取权。从企业边界角度,内部产权激励中股权激励包括虚拟股权激励和现实股权激励,外部产权激励包括政府的知识产权制度。此外,企业技术创新的产权界定与保护制度是虚拟与实体产权激励制唐的保证．     

层次分析法在企业员工健康管理中的应用

近些年来,企业员工的健康对企业的影响越来越大,它不仅能改变企业的生存和发展,而且可以改变企业的竞争力。通过建立影响企业员工健康的递阶层次结构和构造成对比较矩阵,用模糊层次分析法定量地给出了各因素对提高企业员工健康的重要性及其先后次序,为企业对员工健康管理提供了相关的理论依据。     

市场经济信誉机制的构筑

信誉与市场经济并非对立和互相排斥，相反，信誉是市场经济的基础。良好的信誉可以大大拓宽市场经济的交易范围，大大减少交易费用。产权的明确界定，完善的法治环境和畅通的信息传播机制是建立良好的信誉的必要条件。     

Sequencing and the Adding-up Property in Contingent Valuation of Endangered Species: Are Contingent Non-Use Values Economic Values?

This paper presents tests of the theoretical validity of the contingent valuation (CV) method. The validity of CV is especially a concern when involving environmental goods with a predominant non-use value. One test of theoretical validity is the adding-up property that implies that a specific good should be equally valued irrespectively of it is being valued directly or built-up sequentially. In this CV study four independent sub-samples stated willingness to pay for the same composite good, or package, using different sequences. One sub-sample valued the composite good directly, while two sub-samples faced built-up sequences valuing first subsets of this composite good. A fourth sub-sample valued the composite good from a dividing-out approach, facing first the valuation of a larger multi-package. Theoretically expected sequencing effects were observed; the subset goods obtained higher values earlier in a sequence, and the dividing-out approach decreased the stated value for the composite good. Most importantly, these CV data did pass the tests of the adding-up property.     

Willingness to Pay for Forest Property Rights and the Value of Increased Property Rights Security

This paper studies the willingness to pay (WTP) for forest property rights in Viet Nam. We do so by asking respondents to estimate the value of two different forest property rights regimes where only the level of property security differs and all other forest plot characteristics are constant. We use this information to identify the value of the property rights security. Our results reveal that a significant number of individuals are willing to pay for an additional area of forestland but that the amount offered appears to be inadequate to compensate sellers, as very few land market transactions actually take place. The results further indicate that income relates positively to WTP, irrespective of forest property regime. Wealth, age, and ethnicity also have an impact on the amount households are willing to pay. As expected, there was a significant mark-up on the more secure right. Econometric estimates of the difference between the WTP for secure and insecure property rights show that a higher level of female education, and household age decrease the difference between the two WTP measures while the difference tends to increase as income improves. This has important policy implications, as it indicates that households tend to evaluate the property rights institutions differently.     

Patents,R&;D and lag effects: evidence from flexible methods for count panel data on manufacturing firms

This paper investigates the relationship between patents and research and development expenditures using new longitudinal patent data at the firm level for the U.S. manufacturing sector from 1982 to 1992. The paper also develops a new class of count panel data models based on series expansion of the distribution of individual effects. Estimation results from various distributed lag and dynamic multiplicative panel count data models show that the contemporaneous relationship between patenting and R&D expenditures continues to be strong, accounting for over 60% of the total R&D elasticity. The lag effects are higher than have previously been found for the 1970s data. We would like to thank Chris Bollinger, Bronwyn Hall and Paula Stephan for useful comments on the previous version of the paper. Earlier versions were presented at the 11th International Conference on Panel Data, Texas A&M University, the Midwest Econometrics Group Meeting, and the Annual Conference of the Southern Economic Association.     

股权分置改革、产权属性、竞争环境与公司绩效——来自2005～2007年中国上市公司的证据

本文以股权分置改革以来的2005～2007年中国上市公司为研究样本,重点考察了股权分置改革、产权属性和竞争环境对上市公司绩效的影响。本文的研究发现：（1）股权分置改革显著提高了上市公司绩效;（2）股改前国有控股上市公司的绩效明显优于民营控股上市公司,而股改后国有控股上市公司的绩效却明显低于民营控股上市公司;（3）股改后,在高度竞争行业中,民营控股上市公司绩效优于国有控股上市公司,而在中度和低度竞争行业中两者则无明显差别;（4）股改后,高度竞争行业内民营控股上市公司绩效与股权集中度呈正相关关系。上述研究结果还表明,产权论和市场竞争论二者作用的发挥都是有条件的;在不同的市场竞争环境下,不同产权属性的公司绩效并不相同。根据上述分析结论,本文还就国有企业改革和民营企业发展问题提出了相应的政策建议。     

论物权登记效力与合同效力的区分

不区分物权登记效力与合同效力,合同的效力就有可能由一方当事人决定,这显然有悖于民法理论。因此,坚持区分合同效力与登记效力,是遵循民法基本理论、保护合同当事人合法权益的现实需要。物权登记的效力由《物权法》规范,合同的效力由《合同法》决定;登记效力指向物权,合同效力指向债权;合同效力取决于合意,物权效力取决于登记。科学认识和运用不动产物权的登记效力,正确行使物权,有利于更好地实现《物权法》确定的“定分止争、物尽其用”的目标。